RESUMO
RESUMO: Nesse estudo, o principal objetivo foi mensurar a concentração de tório, urânio e potássio aplicando a técnica da análise por Ativação Neutrônica Instrumental em dois compartimentos ambientais, águas superficiais e sedimento marginal, do rio Piracicaba, em Minas Gerais. Esse rio possui área de drenagem que inclui as regiões do Quadrilátero Ferrífero da Região do Vale do Aço, sujeitando-se a intensa ação antropogênica. As amostragens ocorreram em quatro pontos de coleta, localizados nos municípios de Fonseca, Rio Piracicaba, Nova Era e Ipatinga, nas estações seca e chuvosa. As concentrações determinadas para aqueles elementos no sedimento se apresentaram elevadas em comparação com os valores usualmente observados para o perfil geológico na região de estudo, denotando relação com o modelo de exploração econômica, notadamente com a mineração e siderurgia. Evidencia, também, a relação com a degradação do feldspato potássico e do quartzo. Na água superficial, constatou-se o incremento da concentração do tório e potássio em comparação com os valores do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA), nº. 357/2005. Os achados desse estudo explicitaram a necessidade da adoção de medidas mitigadoras, visando a contenção dos danos ambientais.
ABSTRACT: In this study, the main objective was to measure the concentration of thorium, uranium and potassium applying the Neutron Activation Instrumental Analysis technique in two environmental compartments - surface water and marginal sediment - in river Piracicaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This river has a drainage area which includes the regions of the Iron Quadrangle in the Steel Valley Region, subject to intense anthropogenic action. Four collection points were sampled, being located in Fonseca, Rio Piracicaba, New Age and Ipatinga municipalities, in both the dry and rainy seasons. The concentrations detected for those elements in the sediment were high values when compared to those usually detected for the geological profile in the study area, showing a relation to the model of economic exploitation, especially with the mining and steel industries. It also highlights the connection with the degradation of potassium feldspar and quartz. In shallow water, an increase of thorium and potassium concentrations was found in accordance with values foreseen by the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) No. 357/2005. The findings in this study showed the need for the adoption of mitigating measures, in order to contain environmental damages.
RESUMO
This paper reports the using of neural networks for water quality analysis in a tropical urban stream before (2002) and after sewerage building and the completion of point-source control-based sanitation program (2003). Mathematical modeling divided water quality data in two categories: (a) input of some in situ water quality variables (temperature, pH, O2 concentration, O2 saturation and electrical conductivity) and (b) water chemical composition (N-NO2(-); N-NO3(-); N-NH4(+) Total-N; P-PO4(3-); K+; Ca2+; Mg+2; Cu2+; Zn2+ and Fe+3) as the output from tested models. Stream water data come from fortnightly sampling in five points along the Ipanema stream (Southeast Brazil, Minas Gerais state) plus two points downstream and upstream Ipanema discharge into Doce River. Once the best models are consistent with variables behavior we suggest that neural networking shows potential as a methodology to enhance guidelines for urban streams restoration, conservation and management.
