Female genital schistosomiasis mimicking an ovarian neoplasm: A case report.

OBJECTIVE: A case description of a rare occurrence of female genital schistosomiasis affecting the upper genital tract that presented with features mimicking an ovarian neoplasm. CASE REPORT: Female genital schistosomiasis is a neglected clinical manifestation of the water-born parasitic disease which occurs due to the presence of schistosome eggs in the genitalia of women. A 23-year-old nulliparous woman presented with progressive abdominal distension. An abdominopelvic CT scan revealed a multilobulated right adnexal mass with gross ascites. Diagnosis of schistosomiasis was made by histology of biopsied specimens following laparotomy. Cervical colposcopic findings were consistent with female genital schistosomiasis. She was successfully treated with praziquantel. CONCLUSION: Female genital schistosomiasis of the upper genital tract can mimic an ovarian malignancy. Hence there is a need for its consideration as a differential diagnosis in patients with non-classical presentations of pelvic tumours in schistosomiasis-endemic areas.

Comparative Study Between Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography and Hysterosalpingography in Evaluating Tubal Patency at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano.

Background: Tubal diseases contribute significantly to secondary infertility, affecting 25-35% of couples seeking infertility treatment. Traditional methods for assessing tubal patency, such as laparoscopy and dye tests, are invasive, costly, and require specialized expertise. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an alternative, but it involves pain and radiation exposure. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Hysterosalpingo-contrast Sonography (HyCoSy) using a saline and air mixture to HSG in assessing tubal patency in infertility patients at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involved 50 consenting patients seeking fertility evaluation. The researchers used a semi-structured questionnaire to gather demographic information. HyCoSy with the saline and air mixture was performed between the 5th and 10th day of the menstrual cycle, followed by HSG within the next five days. The patency of each fallopian tube was assessed, and pain levels experienced during both procedures were recorded using a numerical rating scale. Results: The results indicated that 68.8% of patients had bilateral patent tubes according to HyCoSy, while 60.4% were found to have patent tubes with HSG. A comparison of findings for individual tubes showed an 89.6% concordance rate between the two tests, with a Kappa index of 0.73, indicating substantial agreement. Importantly, patients reported significantly less pain during the HyCoSy procedure (mean NRS score of 4.1) compared to HSG (mean NRS score of 7.1). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that HyCoSy using a saline and air mixture is highly comparable to HSG in assessing tubal patency. Notably, HyCoSy was preferred by patients due to its reduced pain and better tolerance, with minimal adverse effects. This suggests that HyCoSy may be a more patient-friendly and cost-effective alternative for tubal assessment in cases of infertility.