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Background: Third molar removal is the primary reason for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) damage, with 2% causing persistent neurosensory deficits. This study aimed to investigate how delayed photobiomodulation therapy affects long-lasting neurosensory disturbances. Methods: This study was conducted on patients with neurosensory disturbances lasting longer than 6 months. Patients were randomly allocated to the study and control groups, with the study group receiving a low-power diode laser (continuous wavelength of 810 nm, power of 200 mW) on 16 points (30 sec at each) for 12 sessions (2 sessions/week), while the control group received a placebo treatment by switched-off laser probe. Visual analog scale (VAS; ranging from 1 to 5), static light touch, two-point discrimination, direction discrimination, pinprick, and thermal discrimination tests were performed on each visit up to 9 months post-therapy to evaluate the recovery status. Results: Each group comprised 18 participants. The mean time since injury was 8.26 ± 2.05 and 8.38 ± 1.98 months for the control and intervention groups, respectively (p = 0.81). There was a significant improvement in the intervention group on the static light touch (p = 0.041), two-point discrimination (p = 0.028), VAS (p = 0.031), and pinprick (p = 0.014) tests on the 11th session and subsequent visits and also on direction discrimination test on the 12th session (p = 0.044) and after that. There was no significant difference in the thermal discrimination tests between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Photobiomodulation demonstrated potential benefits in resolving persistent neurosensory deficits of the IAN, with noticeable improvements typically observed after around 35 days of treatment initiation (10 sessions).
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Various materials have been proposed for reconstructing orbital fractures. The materials used must meet certain criteria to ensure their suitability for restoring the structure and function of the organ. These criteria include biocompatibility, ease of application, non-toxicity, hypo-allergenicity, and non-carcinogenicity. In this study, we systematically reviewed the studies regarding the biomaterials in orbital implants and their clinical application. METHODS: A comprehensive search across various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, was conducted until April 10th, 2023. After retrieving the search results and eliminating duplicates, final studies were included after screening through defined criteria. Human and animal studies assessing the clinical application of biomaterials in orbital implants were included. The quality of the case series and controlled intervention studies were evaluated using the NIH tool, and for animal studies, the risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's tool. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were included according to defined criteria. These studies aimed to explore the clinical application of biomaterials and examine the associated complications in orbital implants. CONCLUSION: We found that using biomaterials did not result in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). However, we did observe certain complications, with infection, residual diplopia, and enophthalmos being the most frequently reported issues.
