Preparation of Arjunarista Using Microbes Isolated from Woodfordia fruticosa Flowers (Dhayati).

OBJECTIVE: To verify the utility of isolated fermentative microbes from Woodfordia fruticosa flowers for preparation of Arjunarista formulation and its comparative evaluation with the same formulation prepared by traditional method. METHODOLOGY: In the present technique, isolated colonies of microorganisms from Woodfordia fruticosa (Dhataki) flowers on Saubroad dextrose media were separated and suspended in sterile water. This suspension was aseptically added in previously sterilized mixtures containing all intended ingredients for Arjunarista which was thereafter incubated for 20 days at 37°C to achieve optimal fermentation. The formulation thus obtained was further subjected to various evaluation tests. RESULT: Arjunarista was prepared using a new approach, and in that, isolated microorganisms from the flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa (Dhataki) were used. It was found that the new approach was successful in generating approximately same quantities of alcohol content in comparison with traditional methods which have shown varying concentration of alcoholic content. Moreover, the new process prevents the growth of unwanted microbes thus, optimizing standards for purity and safety of the formulation. CONCLUSION: The formulation prepared by a new procedure showed marked uniformity for different parameters such as alcohol production, total phenol content, total solid content as compared to that prepared by the traditional method. Similarly, the results of thin layer chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography showed marked uniformity related to quality, safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of the new method as compared to the traditional one. Thus, the modern technique was found to show reproducibility and facilitate easier quality assessment.

Blood concentration profiles of acetaminophen following oral administration of fatty acid esters of acetaminophen with pancreatic lipase to dogs.

Fatty acid esters of acetaminophen were administered orally to dogs, and blood concentrations of acetaminophen were determined at various time intervals. Blood concentrations of acetaminophen following oral administration of a short chain ester, p-acetamidophenyl acetate, were not significantly different from those found using acetaminophen. Blood concentrations of acetaminophen following oral administration of intermediate hydrocarbon chain-length compounds were less than those of the control at 1 and 3 hr postdosing. There appears to be a direct relationship between the in vitro hydrolysis rates and the blood concentration in vivo. Concomitant oral administration of acetaminophen derivatives, pancreatic lipase, and calcium salts resulted in an increase in the blood levels of acetaminophen as compared to administration of the esters alone. Calcium carbonate was included as a source of calcium ion to activate the lipase involved in the hydrolysis of the fatty acid esters. A combination of p-acetamidophenyl acetate, p-acetamidophenyl dodecanoate, pancreatic lipase, and calcium carbonate was shown to achieve a prolonged release of acetaminophen. p-Acetamidopheny acetate was thought to provide the initial release of acetaminophen; p-acetamidophenyl dodecanoate, being hydrolyzed more slowly, provided the prolonged release, which maintained therapeutic blood concentrations for 13 hr following a single dose of the combination in dogs.

Hydrolysis of fatty acid esters of acetaminophen in buffered pancreatic lipase systmes I.

A series of fatty acid esters of acetaminophen were prepared beginning with acetate, the propionate, and all even-numbered fatty acids and going through the octadecanoate. The enzymatic hydrolysis of all derivatives was studied in vitro with varying amounts of lipase assed to the hydrolysis mixtures. Under the conditions of the in vitro hydrolysis, it was observed that all derivatives were hydrolyzed more readily in an aqueous medium at pH 7.8. A positive relationship was seen between the hydrolysis rates and the concentration of lipase at this pH. There was a negative relationship between the chain length of the acyl moiety and the corresponding hydrolysis rates. The short chain esters were hydrolyzed at rates many times more rapid than the long chain esters. The intermediate chain-lenght ester, p-acetamidophenyl decanoate, p-acetamidophenyl laurate, and p-acetamidophenyl myristate, were hydrolyzed at intermedediate time periods extending over 12 hr, approaching completion at 97.5, 87.5, and 80.5%, respectively, when 18 Wilson units of lipase was used in each milliliter of hydrolysis mixture. The longer chain esters, p-acetamidophenyl palmitate and p-acetamidophenyl stearate, were hydrolyzed to the extent of 16 and 8%, respectively, over 12 hr under the same in vitro conditions.