[Clinicomorphological rationale for mediastinal lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper analyzes morphological changes and results of surgical treatment in 515 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. Two hundred and seventy-four patients underwent mediastinal lymphadenectomy and in 241 patients lung resections or pneumonectomies were not followed by lymphadenectomy or solitary caseous molten lymph nodes were removed during an operation. In disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, active tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (ILN) was found in 97%. The latter's significant signs are an enlarged lymph node of more than 2.0 cm, consolidation, periadenitis, and fluctuation. The incidence, extent, and pattern of ILN lesion varied in a lung tuberculous process depending on its site, form, and inflammation phase.

[Efficiency of partial pneumonectomies in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis].

The immediate results of partial resections were analyzed in 120 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, among whom 70 patients had multidrug resistance. A complete clinical effect (abacillation and no decay cavities) was achieved in 117 (97.5%) patients, including in 67 (95.7%) patients with multidrug resistance who showed improvement in 3 (2.5%) cases, fatal outcomes being absent.

[Outcomes of video-assisted thoracic lung resections and pneumonectomies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper pools some experience with 6 videothoracoscopic and 505 video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) resections of the lung and 105 VATS pneumonectomies. The bulk of the operations [451 (73.2%)] was made for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients aged 7 to 77 years. 81% operations by separately treating root elements, including all pneumonectomies and major lung resections, were performed. A new SOMI-80 suturing apparatus designed for mini-invasive surgery was employed to suture lung tissue in most cases. Intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in 5 and 8 cases, respectively. The efficiency of operations for tuberculosis was 98.6%.

[Local ozone therapy in the complex surgical treatment of pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis patients]. / Mestnaia ozonoterapiia v kompleksnom khirgicheskom lechenii bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh i plevry.

The found bactericidal activity of ozone and oxygen mixture containing ozone, 10 mg/l, and ozoned solutions of furacilin (dilution 1:5000) and chlorohexidine (0.05%) against the nonspecific microflora and Mycobacteria tuberculosis allowed them to be used in the treatment of 55 patients with pleural empyema. Analyzing the outcomes of treatment in these patients versus 59 matched patients indicated that local ozone therapy accelerated sanitation and stimulation of reparative processes in this disease on the average by a fortnight. Local ozone therapy used in the preoperative preparation of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and pleural empyema reduced the number of purulent postoperative complication to 17.7% versus 30.4% in the controls, enhanced the efficiency of multimodality treatment by 15.6% and reduced mortality by 9.5%. Analyzing the results of prevention of purulent bronchopleural complications after pleuropulmonectomy in 31 patients in the experimental group and in 35 in the control one showed that with local ozone therapy, complications occurred in 16.1 and 28.6%, respectively, and the efficiency of surgical management increased by 13.1% and mortality rates reduced by 9.6%.

[Lasers in combined modality treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Ispol'zovanie razlichnykh tipov lazerov v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh tuberkulezom organov dykhaniia.

Low-energy lasers were used in the combined preoperative treatment and therapy of 548 patients with chronic fibrocavernous tuberculosis. Indications for some types of exposure were defined, namely, transcutaneous exposure of the tuberculous involvement zone, combination of transcutaneous laser exposure and laser puncture, intravenous and endocavitary laser exposure. Low-energy lasers, as a many-factor pathogenetic exposure, are conducive to a more rapid and effective stabilization of tuberculosis progress, which helps sooner prepare the patients to surgical interventions and in some patients even do without them, reduce the number of postoperative complications, and improve the efficacy of surgical treatment of grave patients.