Predictive role of spiritual health, resilience, and mental well-being in treatment adherence among hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) causes numerous physical and psychological problems in patients, so that they must adhere to their treatment regimen to recover their disease, alleviate these problems, and increase their lifespan. The present study aimed to determine the predictive role of spiritual health, resilience, and mental well-being in treatment adherence among hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This correlational cross-sectional study investigated some variables related to treatment adherence in 184 patients undergoing hemodialysis referred to two dialysis centers in Kerman, southeastern Iran. A census method was used to select the participants and data were collected using socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire (ATQ), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, Reef Psychological well-being Questionnaire, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). RESULTS: The overall treatment adherence score was 155.42 ± 27.98 and we found a positive significant correlation between spiritual health, resilience, psychological well-being, and treatment adherence (p < 0.001). The mean scores of resilience, spiritual health and psychological well-being were 70.59 ± 17.02, 90.09 ± 12.01, and 77.88 ± 11.72, respectively. Spiritual health, psychological well-being, resilience, gender and marital status predicted 54% of the variance of treatment adherence, with psychological well-being being the best predictor (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Spiritual health, psychological well-being, and resilience are factors that influence treatment adherence of the patients undergoing hemodialysis, with psychological well-being having the greatest contribution to improving patient's treatment adherence. Interventions effective in improving psychological well-being, spiritual health and resilience can improve treatment adherence of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Healthcare workers must pay more attention to the factors affecting treatment adherence of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Depression and Self-Efficacy Among Iranian Children During the Prevalence of COVID-19 Disease.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has quickly endangered the physical and mental health of people in the community, particularly vulnerable people such as children. This study was carried out to investigate the depression and self-efficacy of Iranian children during the COVID-19 outbreak. This cross-sectional research was conducted on 321 students aged 8 to 17 in southeast Iran. A social media-based online questionnaire was used to collect data. The information was gathered using demographic and COVID-related items, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C). No significant correlation was observed between depression and self-efficacy of children (P = 0.23). However, in subscale of CDI, negative mood, ineffectiveness and negative self-esteem had a significant correlation with self-efficacy (<0.001). Depression had a significant correlation with family income (p = 0.017), being at risk of coronavirus infection (p = 0.036), effectiveness of preventive measures (p = 0.015) and how information about the coronavirus disease was obtained (p = 0.018). According to the results, the mean score of depression was higher than the midpoint of the questionnaire in Iranian children, therefore, it is needed to take the necessary measures and treatment plans to reduce the rate of depression in children. Further research is needed to assess and prevent childhood depression.