SARS-CoV-2 impact on ACE2 expression in NSCLC: mRNA and protein insights COVID-19 associated (ACE2) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a pervasive and challenging global health concern. This research delves into the intricate relationship between NSCLC and ACE2 expression, exploring the potential impact of COVID-19 history on this interaction. Tissue samples were meticulously gathered from a cohort of 32 NSCLC patients, 18 of whom had a documented history of COVID-19 infection. The methodology included extensive investigations, such as cell dissociation, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry, cell culture, adhesion assays, immunocytochemistry, RNA isolation, and RT-PCR analysis. The results of this comprehensive study unearthed intriguing findings regarding ACE2 expression patterns within NSCLC tissues. Notably, variations were observed in ACE2 profiles between individuals with and without a prior record of COVID-19 infection, hinting at a dynamic interplay. These discoveries carry profound implications for both the understanding of NSCLC progression and the response to COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing NSCLC. The interrelationship between ACE2 expression, NSCLC, and COVID-19, as revealed in this study, may significantly influence patient outcomes and, potentially, therapeutic strategies. In summary, this research serves as an essential contribution to the growing body of knowledge on NSCLC, offering unique insights into the intricate connections between ACE2, COVID-19, and NSCLC. This information may open new avenues for tailored treatment approaches and clinical management strategies, ultimately benefiting patients grappling with NSCLC in the background of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of iodine supplementation and mtDNA mutations on papillary thyroid cancer in saudi women following a vegetarian diet.

This study examined the influence of iodine supplementation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)  mutations in Saudi vegetarian women with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Blood and tissue samples from PTC-diagnosed women were analyzed for thyroid function, mtDNA mutations, and immunohistological features. Statistical analysis using Sigmastat was employed to compare thyroid hormone levels and mtDNA mutations between groups. Serum total levels of tri-iodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were significantly different in patients following a vegetarian diet (P<0.05). Patients with PTC showed an increased frequency of mtDNA mutations in the D-loop region, with significantly higher mutation rates observed in patients following a vegetarian diet compared to other PTC patient groups (P<0.001) and controls (P<0.01). Notably, the mutations were predominantly somatic in Group 3 and germline in Groups 1 and 2. The findings suggest a possible link between iodine deficiency and accelerated PTC tumorigenesis. Furthermore, mtDNA mutations may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC.

SARS-CoV-2 virus associated angiotensin converting enzyme 2 expression modulation in colorectal cancer: Insights from mRNA and protein analysis COVID-19 associated (ACE2) expression in colorectal cancer.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus gains entry into human cells by exploiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key component known as the spike protein (S), as a point of entry. Initially, SARS-CoV-2 suppresses the natural function of ACE2, leading to a gradual decline in cell health. Additionally, individuals with cancer are considered more susceptible to COVID-19. This study investigates the expression patterns of ACE2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with and without a history of COVID-19 infection. RT-PCR was used to analyze samples from both cancerous and adjacent non-affected colorectal tissues of 47 CRC patients, comprising two groups: 24 CRC patients with no history of COVID-19 and 23 CRC patients with a recent history of COVID-19 infection. Epithelial CR cells were isolated from both types of tissues and cultured to evaluate cell adhesion. Immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted to examine ACE2 protein expression using various ACE2 antibodies for both cell types. The study revealed ACE2 mRNA expression in all CRC tissues of patients with and without a history of COVID-19. ACE2 expression was significantly higher in CRC patients without a history of COVID-19. Notably, the non-affected colorectal cancer (NACRC) tissues of patients without a history of COVID-19 also showed ACE2 expression, whereas no ACE2 expression was detected in the biopsies of CRC patients with a positive COVID-19 history. ACE2 antibodies were employed to validate ACE2 protein expression at the mRNA level. COVID-19 appears to downregulate ACE2 expression in both CRC and NACRC tissues of CRC patients with a positive history of COVID-19 infection.

Three cases of colon cancer in four generations of the Saudi family, caused by endogamous germline mutations.

Various research pieces of evidence have been published in recent years, establishing the increasing prevalence of early colon cancer among young people. In this background, the current study aimed to analyze the reasons behind colon cancer recurrence among endogamous consanguineous cases in four generations of a single Saud family. For this study, the authors conducted the whole-exome sequencing analysis to screen for germline mutations in DNA samples from consanguineous cases within the family. After collecting the colon samples, it was analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically with the help of Breast Cancer antibodies (BRCA2 and 1 correspondingly) and H&M staining (hematoxylin and eosin). For this study, 26 at-risk consanguineous cases were considered. Three cases were diagnosed with malignant colon cancer, two with breast cancer, and 17 with germline mutations, yet remain unaffected by cancerous tumors. The rest, four consanguineous cases, are healthy and non-carriers of the mutations. However, as per the exome analysis outcomes, 15 cases inherited germline mutations in nine genes. Nine substitution mutations were present in six of the nine inherited genes in these inherited germline mutations. Furthermore, it also presented six insertion and deletion frameshift mutations in five of nine inherited genes. The immunohistochemical staining process achieved positive staining outcomes for BRCA1 and 2. Therefore, germline mutations inherited from the nine genes of endogamous consanguineous cases of mutation carriers remain the primary reason behind colon cancer recurrence in the same family.