Novel technology for controlled fabrication of aperture cantilever sensors for scanning near-field optical microscopy.

This paper presents a new technique for forming SNOM (Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy) cantilevers. The technique is based on the continuous growth of a conical hollow tip using local ion-induced carbon deposition on standard tipless cantilever chips. This method offers precise control of the geometric parameters of the cantilever's tip, including the angle of the tip, the probe's curvature radius, and the input and output aperture diameter. Such control allows to optimize the probe for specific tasks. The use of local structure methods based on FIB (Focused Ion Beam) enables the production of SNOM cantilevers with high radiation transmittance, tip robustness, and the capability to measure sample topography in semi-contact AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) mode. The research focused on optimizing the technology for manufacturing tips with specific geometric characteristics, facilitating accurate navigation and positioning in the area of interest. The manufactured probe samples being tested demonstrate sufficient accuracy and mechanical durability of the tip. Overall, this technique offers a novel approach to forming SNOM cantilevers, providing precise control over geometric parameters and promising enhanced performance in various applications.

[Role of ischemic cerebral infarction in the development of lethal outcomes in ruptured intracranial arterial aneurysm]. / Rol' ishemicheskogo infarkta mozga v razvitii letal'nykh iskhodov pri razryve vnutricherepnykh arterial'nykh anevrizm.

Analysis of 320 autopsy cases of death after the rupture of brain arterial aneurysms (AA) without a surgical treatment is performed. The frequency of ischemic infarction among these cases was 15.3% and in 11.2% the infarction was an immediate cause of death. The lethal outcome due to the infarction occurred at the end of the 1st and during the 2nd week with a maximum at 9-12 days. Ischemic infarction as a cause of death usually had a wide zone of spread involving 2 and more brain lobes. The thrombosis of the big brain artery was a cause of ischemic complications in 19.4% of cases. Morphological alterations of the basis cerebri in such cases consisted of changes in the intima, elastic membrane, medial layer and adventitia resulting in the lumen narrowing.

[Cerebral artery aneurysms: Clinico-anatomic analysis of 610 cases]. / Anevrizmy arterii golovnogo mozga: kliniko-anatomicheskii analiz 610 nabliudenii.

Analysis of 610 aneurysms in 537 patients is performed. Main localization of aneurysms (88.7%) was the anterior region of Willis's circle. Congenital dysplasias of the arterial wall are transformed into the aneurysm when the risk factors join (essential or transitory arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis) this being confirmed by an advanced age (63%). Subarachnoidal hemorrhages predominated (29.9%). Most frequent immediate causes of death were hemorrhage into the brain ventricles (42.9%), edema and brain dislocation (40.7%). Ischemic brain softening played a role in the anatogenesis among non-operated patients in 7.3% cases and in 37.1% among operated patients. Histologic examination revealed that the maximum of repeated hemorrhages occur during the first 14 days after the aneurysm rupture-the time of noncompleted thrombus organization.