Social media uses amongst adolescents: motives, minority stress and eudaimonic well-being / Uso de redes sociales en adolescentes: motivación, estrés de minorías y bienestar eudaimónico

Introduction: The scientific evidence regarding the effects of online social media use on the well-being of adolescents is mixed. In gen-eral, passive uses (receiving, viewing content without interacting) and more screen time are related to lower well-being when compared with active uses (direct interactions and interpersonal exchanges). Objectives:This study ex-amines the types and motives for social media usage amongst adolescents, differentiating them by gender identity and sexual orientation, as well as its effects on eudaimonic well-being and minority stress. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1259 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 (M= 16.19; SD= 1.08), analysing the Scale of Motives for Using Social Net-working Sites, eudaimonic well-being, the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory, screen time and profile type. Results:The results found that longer use time is related to finding partners, social connection and friendships; that gay and bisexual (GB) adolescents perceive more distal stressors online;and that females have higher levels of well-being. Discus-sion: The public profiles of GB males increase self-expression, although minority stress can be related to discrimination, rejection or exclusion. Dif-ferentiated socialization may contribute to a higher level of well-being in females, with both active and passive uses positively effecting eudaimonic well-being in adolescents.(AU)

Introduction: The scientific evidence regarding the effects of online social media use on the well-being of adolescents is mixed. In general, passive uses (receiving, viewing content without interacting) and more screen time are related to lower well-being when compared with active uses (direct interactions and interpersonal exchanges). Objectives: This study examines the types and motives for social media usage amongst adolescents, differentiating them by gender identity and sexual orientation, as well as its effects on eudaimonic well-being and minority stress. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1259 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 (M = 16.19; SD = 1.08), analysing the Scale of Motives for Using Social Networking Sites, eudaimonic well-being, the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory, screen time and profile type. Results: The results found that longer use time is related to finding partners, social connection and friendships; that gay and bisexual (GB) adolescents perceive more distal stressors online; and that females have higher levels of well-being. Discussion: The public profiles of GB males increase self-expression, although minority stress can be related to discrimination, rejection or exclusion. Differentiated socialization may contribute to a higher level of well-being in females, with both active and passive uses positively effecting eudaimonic well-being in adolescents.(AU)

"Nursing (Her) Storytelling": An Ethnographic Fiction Proposal for Exploring Feminist Health Activism in Spain.

The aim of this article is to share theoretical and methodological reflections on a project on feminist epistemologies and health activism. Based on the analysis of 12 life stories and 1 group interview, an approach based on ethnographic fiction is proposed through the creation of a serial story in podcast format. This approach helps in generating emotions to facilitate understanding and awareness of the issues raised and in showing everyday practices as ways of constructing knowledge. It also avoids turning life stories into academic artifacts with little transformational capacity.

Attitudes towards Trans Men and Women in Spain: An Adaptation of the ATTMW Scale.

This article presents the results of the adaptation and validation of the Attitudes Toward Trans Men and Women (ATTMW) scale-a measure capable of detecting transphobic positions towards trans men and women-in the Spanish context. A total of 310 prospective teachers from different stages of education participated in the study on its adaptation. In order to provide quantitative evidence of validity, confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis with different constructs and sociodemographic variables were carried out. Internal consistency reliability was adequate. The study demonstrated that the ATTMW is a psychometrically sound instrument for the assessment of attitudes towards trans people, especially with items that categorize trans women and men as second-class people.

Community responses to LGBT+ adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 confinement in Madrid.

A group of 50 people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) as well as diverse sexualities and gender identities in Madrid participated in a feminist community-based project, which supported them through the first wave of the pandemic. Facilitated by professionals, the project offered online meetings twice a month, helping them to articulate their needs and promote their agency over their choices and experiences. Based on their demands, participants chose the topics they wanted to discuss, proposed activities, and were the center of the program, while facilitators set up and maintained the online space, helping with participation and access to information and resources. Through this transformative experience, the members of the group developed friendship networks and started their activism, making public appearances in video campaigns and mainstream newspapers to make their needs visible to peers, families, social workers, policy makers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This research is part of a larger project that tackles the psychosocial factors that affected Spanish people with sexual and gender diversity during the first wave of the pandemic.

The Adaptation and Validation of the Trans Attitudes and Beliefs Scale to the Spanish Context.

This article examines the reliability and validity of the adaptation of the Trans Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (TABS), an instrument capable of detecting transphobic positions, to the Spanish context. A total of 829 psychology students participated in the adaptation procedure. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to study the fit of the new scale to the factor structure of the original scale (interpersonal comfort, gender identity beliefs, and human value). Convergent validity evidence showed significant correlations and predictive levels with different constructs and sociodemographic variables. The internal consistency of the mean scores was adequate at the global level. The study showed that the TABS is a psychometrically sound instrument for the assessment of attitudes toward trans people, particularly in the context of debates over access to rights and the lack of professional training in disciplines such as psychology.

Adaptation and Validation of the Evasive Attitudes of Sexual Orientation Scale into Spanish.

This article presents an instrumental study to validate the adaptation of the Evasive Attitudes of Sexual Orientation Scale (EASOS) to Spanish. This instrument has been shown to be useful in detecting the potential lack of awareness about the situation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) people among psychology professionals and its possible relationship to contemporary homonegative attitudes. The 596 heterosexual psychology students who participated were given an adaptation into Spanish (back translation). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to study the fit to the factorial structure of the original scale (aversive heterosexism, institutional heterosexism, and heterosexual privilege). The internal consistency of the subscales was adequate (.70-.83). The convergent validity showed positive correlations and significant predictive levels between the EASOS and various attitudinal scales and sociodemographic variables. The findings offer evidence that the EASOS is an adequate instrument to evaluate LGBQ-negativity, particularly in the field of psychosocial intervention.

Evaluación del tratamiento con infiltraciones intraarticulares en la patología osteoarticular del hombro en atención primaria / Evaluation of treatment with intra-articular injections in osteoarticular pathology of the shoulder in primary care

Objetivo principal: Evaluar la respuesta clínica a las 24semanas de la infiltración, medida como alivio del dolor y recuperación funcional, en el síndrome de hombro doloroso (SHD) en atención primaria (AP). Diseño: Serie de casos longitudinal con tratamiento de inyección en la articulación escapulohumeral; se describen la funcionalidad y la evolución del dolor previa y a las 24semanas postinfiltración. Emplazamiento: Atención Primaria. Centro de salud no urbano. Participantes: Pacientes con patología osteoarticular de hombro susceptible de infiltración, fracaso de tratamiento farmacológico y calificación en la escala analógica visual (EVA) ≥4 o Constant Score (CS) ≤70. Intervenciones: Inyección intraarticular corticosteroide y anestésico local en la articulación escapulohumeral, describiendo su evolución a 1, 4, 12 y 24semanas postinfiltración. Mediciones principales: Respuesta de la infiltración según EVA antes-después, CS antes-después, número de infiltraciones, efectos secundarios, incapacidad laboral transitoria (ILT). Resultados: Se infiltraron 66 pacientes, edad media 51,1años (DE: 14,7), 57,6% mujeres, 63,3% infiltración hombro derecho. El 22,7% precisaron ILT y cursaron alta con una mediana de 14días (rango de 7-56días). Precisaron una infiltración (80,3%) y la patología infiltrada más frecuente fue la tendinitis de los rotadores (90,9%). Sufrieron efectos secundarios leves un 9,4%. Encontramos disminución de dolor de severo a leve y una mejoría funcional de pobre a buena. Las variables: ser jubilado (OR: 37,82, p=0,001) y tener un puntaje EVA previo a la infiltración >8 (OR; 15,67, p=0,055, cuasi significativo) se asociaron a mala respuesta. Conclusiones: La administración intraarticular de corticosteroides en el SHD disminuye el dolor y aporta una mejoría funcional tras la primera semana postinfiltración, manteniéndose a largo plazo.(AU)

Main objective: To evaluate the clinical response at 24weeks after injection, measured as pain relief and functional recovery, in painful shoulder syndrome (PSS) in primary care (PC). Design: Longitudinal case series with injection treatment in the scapulohumeral joint, describing functionality and pain evolution before and at 24weeks post injection. Location: Non-urban primary care centres. Participants: Patients with osteoarticular shoulder pathology susceptible to injection, failure of pharmacological treatment and rating on the visual analogue scale (VAS) ≥4 or constant score (CS) ≤70. Interventions: Intra-articular injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic into the scapulohumeral joint, describing its evolution at 1, 4, 12 and 24weeks post injection. Main measurements: Infiltration response according to EVA before and after, CS before and after, number of infiltrations, side effects, temporary inability to work (TIL). Results: Sixty-six patients receiving injection, mean age 51.1years (SD 14.7), 57.6% were women and 63.3% were injection in the right shoulder. A 22.7% required TIL and were discharged with a median of 14days (range 7-56days). They required an injection (80.3%) and the most frequent injection pathology was rotator cuff tendinitis (90.9%). They suffered mild side effects (9.4%). We found a decrease in pain from severe to mild and a functional improvement from poor to good. The variables: being retired (OR: 37.82, P=.001) and having an EVA score prior to injection >8 (OR: 15.67, P=.055, almost significant) were associated with poor response. Conclusions: Intra-articular administration of corticosteroids in PSS reduces pain and provides functional improvement after the first week after injection, and is maintained in the long term. This allows a quick recovery to work after an injection at two weeks reducing recovery time by 50%, with few side effects.

[Evaluation of treatment with intra-articular injections in osteoarticular pathology of the shoulder in primary care]. / Evaluación del tratamiento con infiltraciones intraarticulares en la patología osteoarticular del hombro en atención primaria.

MAIN OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical response at 24weeks after injection, measured as pain relief and functional recovery, in painful shoulder syndrome (PSS) in primary care (PC). DESIGN: Longitudinal case series with injection treatment in the scapulohumeral joint, describing functionality and pain evolution before and at 24weeks post injection. LOCATION: Non-urban primary care centres. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with osteoarticular shoulder pathology susceptible to injection, failure of pharmacological treatment and rating on the visual analogue scale (VAS) ≥4 or constant score (CS) ≤70. INTERVENTIONS: Intra-articular injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic into the scapulohumeral joint, describing its evolution at 1, 4, 12 and 24weeks post injection. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Infiltration response according to EVA before and after, CS before and after, number of infiltrations, side effects, temporary inability to work (TIL). RESULTS: Sixty-six patients receiving injection, mean age 51.1years (SD 14.7), 57.6% were women and 63.3% were injection in the right shoulder. A 22.7% required TIL and were discharged with a median of 14days (range 7-56days). They required an injection (80.3%) and the most frequent injection pathology was rotator cuff tendinitis (90.9%). They suffered mild side effects (9.4%). We found a decrease in pain from severe to mild and a functional improvement from poor to good. The variables: being retired (OR: 37.82, P=.001) and having an EVA score prior to injection >8 (OR: 15.67, P=.055, almost significant) were associated with poor response. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-articular administration of corticosteroids in PSS reduces pain and provides functional improvement after the first week after injection, and is maintained in the long term. This allows a quick recovery to work after an injection at two weeks reducing recovery time by 50%, with few side effects.

Intersections Around Ambivalent Sexism: Internalized Homonegativity, Resistance to Heteronormativity and Other Correlates.

This article explores the connections between the construct of sexism and other sociodemographic and attitudinal variables, such as internalized homonegativity and heteronormative resistances, among psychology students. Both unrefined and inferential analyses were used with a representative sample of 841 psychology students from public universities in Madrid. Results showed higher levels of sexism, internalized homonegativity and low resistances to heteronormativity among groups of men, heterosexuals and conservatives. Interactions were found that showed a higher degree of hostile sexism in: heterosexual people with respect to LGB and heterosexual men with respect to heterosexual women. Also, interactions were found to show a greater degree of heteronormative resistance in: LGB people with respect to heterosexuals and left-wing women with respect to right-wing women. Correlations with sexism varied according to gender identity and sexual orientation. In addition, heteronormative resistances correlated negatively with sexism, while some components of internalized homonegativity correlated positively. Political affiliation was the most frequent predictor of sexism. The results highlight the need for an intersectional approach to understanding the phenomenon of sexism.

Correlate Attitudes Toward LGBT and Sexism in Spanish Psychology Students.

The present study evaluates the correlations between sexism, homonegativity, binegativity, pro-trans attitudes, political affiliation, contact with LGBT individuals and perceived stigma among psychology students. A study was conducted with 655 cis women (471 heterosexuals, 179 bisexuals and lesbians) and 174 cis men (120 heterosexuals, 54 bisexuals and gays). Descriptive, multivariate analysis of variance, bivariate correlations and multiple regression were used. In general, the groups of men and heterosexuals obtained higher negativity scores and lower acceptance scores, with significant correlations being more frequent in the heterosexual group. Predictive models confirmed the literature on social and ideological conservatism.

Upregulation of VEGF and PEDF in Placentas of Women with Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency during Pregnancy and Its Implication in Villous Calcification.

Pregnancy is a period in a woman's life in which changes can occur that affect different physiological processes. Common conditions during this period include vascular changes, such as lower extremity venous insufficiency (VI). This is an observational, analytical, and prospective cohort study in which 114 pregnant women were analyzed, of which 62 were clinically diagnosed with VI. In parallel, 52 control patients without VI (HC) were studied. The aim of this study was to observe changes in angiogenesis and inflammation markers as well as the presence of calcium deposits. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. The presence of calcium deposits was revealed using the von Kossa method. In the placentas of mothers with VI, gene expression of VEGF (34.575 [32.380-36.720] VI vs 32.965 [30.580-36.320] HC) and PEDF (25.417 [24.459-27.675] VI vs 24.400 [23.102-30.223] HC) significantly increased, as was protein expression in the placental villi. An increase in calcium deposits was observed in the placentas of women with VI (72.58% VI/53.84% HC). This study revealed the existence of cellular damage in the placental villi of mothers with VI with tissue implications such as increased calcification.

Profilin-mediated food-induced allergic reactions are associated with oral epithelial remodeling.

BACKGROUND: In areas of high exposure to grass pollen, allergic patients are frequently sensitized to profilin, and some experience severe profilin-mediated food-induced reactions. This specific population of patients is ideal to study the relationship between respiratory and food allergies. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the role of oral mucosal epithelial barrier integrity in profilin-mediated allergic reactions. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with profilin allergy stratified into mild or severe according to their clinical history and response to a profilin challenge test and 6 nonallergic subjects were recruited. Oral mucosal biopsies were used for measurement of CD11c, CD3, CD4, tryptase, claudin-1, occludin, E-cadherin, and vascular endothelial growth factor A levels; Masson trichrome staining; and POSTN, IL33, TPSAB, TPSB, and CMA gene expression analysis by using quantitative RT-PCR. Blood samples were used for basophil activation tests. RESULTS: Distinct features of the group with severe allergy included the following: (1) impaired epithelial integrity with reduced expression of claudin-1, occludin, and E-cadherin and decreased numbers of epithelial cells, which is indicative of acanthosis, higher collagen deposition, and angiogenesis; (2) inflammatory immune response in the mucosa, with an increased number of CD11c+ and CD4+ infiltrates and increased expression of the cytokine genes POSTN and IL33; and (3) a 10-fold increased sensitivity of basophils to profilin. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with profilin allergy present with significant damage to the oral mucosal epithelial barrier, which might allow profilin penetration into the oral mucosa and induction of local inflammation. Additionally, severely allergic patients presented with increased sensitivity of effector cells.

Meningeal Castleman's disease with multifocal involvement: a case report and review of literature.

Castleman's disease is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by lymph node enlargement, hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles surrounded by mature lymphocytes, and capillary proliferation with endothelial hyperplasia. Although intracranial location is very uncommon, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of meningeal tumors. We describe a new case appearing as two solid extraaxial masses simulating meningiomas. This multifocal meningeal involvement can be considered as an exceptional form of presentation of intracranial Castleman's disease.