[Investigation of the effect of oil and flour from wheat germ meal on lipid metabolism of students and teachers of the university].

The results of investigation of alimentary correction of lipid metabolism under the admin­istration of processed products from wheat germ - oil (with the content of policosanol at least 1.5-8.0 mg/100 g, vitamin E - 180-200 mg/100 g, PUFA - 60-65%) and cake flour (with the content of protein - 30-35%, oil with analogue composition -5-7%, digestible carbohydrates - 45-47%, fiber - 18-26%, vitamins B1, B3, B6, B9, E, PP, minerals and trace elements - Zn, Mn, K, Fe, Se, P) are presented. Volunteers among teachers and students of the university aged 16 to 65 years daily consumed wheat germ oil obtained by cold pressing in an amount of 3.5 g, regardless of the meal within 30 days. Then a part of them (30 persons) consumed daily 50 g of oil cake obtained after pressing oil, which provided the intake of the same amount of oil (3.5 g). Lipid metabolism param­eters were monitored in experiment participants before receiving the processed products of wheat germ, after germ meal intake and beyond 30 and 60 days after consumption of wheat germ. Data analysis was carried out on three age groups: 16-24, 25-44 and 45- 65 years. All participants of the experiment showed a reduction in total cholesterol level by 6-8%, increasing the concentration of HDL cholesterol by 3-24%, lowering LDL cholesterol concentrations by 4-21%, reduction of triglyceride concentration by 12-24%, a positive correction of atherogenic factor values by for 10-25%. Prolonged action of the investigated foods was established: lipid metabolism parameters in the tested group were better than in the control group after 30 days of intake discontinuation of oil or wheat germ flour, the positive adjustment effect disappeared 60 days after consuming the products. The findings demonstrate a positive effect on the normalization of lipid metabolism when cake flour of wheat germ was administered in daily food ration, similar to the effect of oil intake, which is important for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. Given the significant production of cake flour of wheat germ (up to 90-95% of the raw material) and its not high cost as a secondary biological resource, this product can be recommended to the introduction in the diet of organized groups, including socially vulnerable groups.

[Characteristics of Helicobacter infections in gastroduodenal ulcers and their complications]. / Osobennosti gelikobakaterioza pri gastroduodenal'nykh iazvakh i ikh oslozhneniiakh.

The presence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) was studied in 143 patients with ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum. The urease test, immunoenzyme analysis, "AEROTEST" and culture of HP in laboratory conditions were used for diagnosis of HP. On the grounds of the culture method three degrees of colonization of the gastroduodenal mucosa were established. It was found that 96.3% of the patients were infected with HP, 86.3% of them having massive colonization. All the patients with complicated ulcers of the duodenum were HP-positive. A severe degree of the HP-infection with the predominant involvement of the antral part was characteristic of patients with bleeding ulcers; in patients with perforative ulcers and stenosis of the pyloric part the HP status is notable for considerably greater variability. Among the patients with gastric ulcers there was less amount of cases with HP (88.2%) as compared with those having duodenal ulcers. All patients with complicated disease were infected with HP, but there was nothing specific in colonization depending on.

[A nutrient medium for the isolation and cultivation of Campylobacter]. / Pitatel'naia sreda dlia vydeleniia i kul'tivirovaniia kampilobakterii.

Campylobacter agar, nutrient medium intended for the isolation of bacteria of the genus Campylobacter from clinical material, has been developed. The composition of the medium includes sprat hydrolysate, aerotolerant additive (ferric sulfate--oxide, sodium pyruvate, sodium pyrosulfite), sodium glutaminate, agar. The selective properties of the medium are ensured by introducing the mixture of antibiotics consisting of polymyxin B, rifampicin, amphotericin B, ristomycin. The balanced composition of Campylobacter agar ensures the aerotolerance of Campylobacter organisms and gives the optimal conditions for their growth when the inoculated material is cultivated in the atmosphere made up of the mixture of three gases (5% of oxygen, 10% of carbon dioxide, 85% of nitrogen), as well as under the conditions of a "candle vessel". The medium suppresses the development of the associative microflora diluted 10(-1). As shown in the trial of the quality of Campylobacter agar by the inoculation of material taken from patients with acute enteric infections, agricultural animals and monkeys, the medium has pronounced selective, properties with regard to extraneous microflora, while ensuring the isolation of Campylobacter on the level of the control medium.

[The diagnosis of Helicobacter infections in patients with gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers]. / Diagnostika khelikobakternoi infektsii u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The results of the study of 33 patients having gastroduodenal peptic ulcer, with 9 of them subjected to surgical treatment, are presented. The diagnostics of Helicobacter infection was made with the use of bacteriological and biochemical assays. The study revealed that in the overwhelming majority of cases peptic ulcer was associated with the presence of H.pylori, and the most informative method for the diagnostics of H.pylori infection was the bacteriological study of biopsies from the pyloric antrum characterized by the highest degree of massive contamination. The determination of ammonia concentration by biochemical assay with the use of Aerotest was most suitable for the diagnostics of H.pylori infection in patients with a short history of peptic ulcer.

[The epidemiological characteristics of Sonne and Flexner dysentery in St. Petersburg in 1953-1994]. / Epidemiologicheskie osobennosti dizenterii Zonne i Fleksnera v S.-Peterburge v 1953--1994 gg.

In connection with the growth of mortality in Flexner's dysentery observed since 1991 and a rise in morbidity in this infection since 1993 the data on the registered cases of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei infections in St. Petersburg for the period of 1953-1994 were analyzed. In the 60-80s the specific features of the epidemic process was determined by S. sonnei infection which constituted up to 90% of all documented cases of dysentery. Flexner's dysentery lost the character of a mass epidemic disease in the 60s, but in the 70s became again capable of epidemic spread, which was testified by annual seasonal rises producing a half of all cases registered per annum and two rises with peaks in 1975 and 1984. In 1991-1992 the tenfold rise of morbidity in Flexner's dysentery took place in the presence of a common level of morbidity of Shigella infections. In 1993-1994 an essential change in the etiological structures of Shigella infections was observed: morbidity in Flexner's dysentery rose 6 times and morbidity in Sonne dysentery dropped 3 times, which was probably due to socio-economical changes in the living conditions of the population during recent years.

[Patient Helicobacter pylori infectivity after gastric resection]. / Infitsirovannost' Helicobacter pylori bol'nykh posle rezektsii zheludka.

The article is devoted to investigation of the Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in 14 patients after resection of the stomach for ulcers of the gastroduodenal zone. Different methods were used for the assessment of the state of the gastric stump and gastroenteric anastomosis in the postoperative period. In most cases different degree of inflammatory alterations of the gastric mucosa were detected. In 2 cases (14.3%) peptic ulcers of the anastomosis developed. Changes to the gastric stump of 11 patients were associated with the HP infection which involved the mucosa of the anastomosed intestine in 8 patients. The data obtained point to possible participation of HP pathogenesis of the alterations detected after the stomach resection. The question of the expediency of a specific antibacterial therapy in the postoperative period and in treatment of certain kinds of postgastroresectional syndromes is raised.

[The specificity of Campylobacter jejuni antigens in immunoenzyme analysis]. / Spetsifichnost' antigenov Campylobacter jejuni v immunofermentnom analize.

The surface antigen has been obtained from C. jejuni culture and its immunochemical analysis has been carried out by the methods of immunoelectrophoresis, double diffusion with homologous and heterologous rabbit sera. The protein profile of this antigen has been studied by means of vertical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the molecular weight of the protein components of the antigen has been determined. The presence of anti-Campylobacter antibodies has been revealed in a number of rabbit sera by enzyme immunoassay techniques. The results thus obtained indicate the possibility of developing the enzyme immunoassay for the determination of antibodies in the sera of patients with Campylobacter infection.

[Experience in isolating Campylobacter jejuni from patients with acute intestinal diseases]. / Opyt vydeleniia Campylobacter jejuni ot bol'nykh s ostrymi kishechnymi zabolevaniiami.

Erythrite agar, a commercial culture medium produced by the Research Institute for Culture Media (Makhachkala, USSR), is suitable for the cultivation of C. jejuni after the addition of hemolized sheep blood. The addition of antibiotics to the medium permits its use for the isolation of C. jejuni from feces. By means of this medium C. jejuni has been isolated from the feces of 10% of patients hospitalized on account of acute infectious intestinal diseases.

[Detection of rotavirus in the feces of children with diarrhea]. / Obnaruzhenie rotavirusa v fekaliiakh detei, bol'nykh diarei.

Bacteriological and virological examinations of feces from sick children diagnosed as having an "enteric infection of obscure etiology" were carried out. Out of 30 fecal specimens 6 showed positive results in agar gel diffusion test with antiserum to calf diarrhea rotavirus confirmed by electron microscopy. The relationship of virological and bacteriological findings and age of the patients was established. Differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease in virus-positive and virus-negative patients were observed.

[Use of the staphylococcal coagglutination reaction to serogroup Escherichiae]. / Ispol'zovanie reaktsii koaggliutinatsii stafilokokkov s tsel'iu serogruppirovki ésherikhii.

A stable, highly specific antibody diagnostic agent suitable for use in the slide agglutination test was obtained by the adsorption of rabbit OK antisera to different species of the Escherichia genus by staphylococci Cowan I containing protein A in their cell walls. The high effect iveness of the staphylococcal reagent is due to adsorption from rabbit IgG antisera containing specific Escherichia antibodies. The diagnosis of Escherichia infections with the use of staphylococcal antibody diagnostic agent may prove to be considerably cheaper and simpler.

alpha-Haemolysin: an additive virulence factor in Escherichia coli.

Haemolytic Escherichia coli, including human intestinal and extraintestinal as well as porcine enterotoxigenic and oedema disease isolates, and Proteus morganii strains were studied for their virulence. Hly+ wild type strains and Hly+ transconjugants were more virulent than Hly- derivatives as shown in mice and chick embryos. This enhanced virulence seems to be connected with the ability of diffusible alpha-haemolysin production because clones producing only non-diffusible, beta-haemolysin behaved as non-haemolytic ones. Haemorrhagic lung symptoms and haemoglobinuria were frequently observed after parenteral challenge of mice with alpha-haemolytic clones. Though the Hly- clone exhibited a high resistance against blood clearance, the number of circulating bacteria was significantly higher in the case of alpha-haemolytic clone. A causal connection between this phenomenon and the leukocidin activity of alpha-haemolysin is suggested.

Mouse lung oedema caused by a toxic substance of Escherichia coli strains.

Some Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients and instilled into the nostrils of mice cause a rapidly developing fatal, haemorrhagic lung oedema. Lung toxic strains were found in different serogroups, with the predominance of 04, 06, and 018. The toxic material seems to be bound to the cells; the toxin yield is poor by different methods of extraction. The toxic principle causes toxic, haemorrhagic oedema in mouse foot pad test and shows cytotoxicity for AV-3 cells. The "lung toxin" is heat labile and after Sephadex fractionation has a molecular weight of about 100 000 dalton. There is a possible identity with a toxic haemolysin.

Pathogenic effect of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli causing infantile diarrhoea.

Macroscopic, light and electron microscopic alterations in ligated rabbit intestinal loops challenged with five standard enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and twenty-three enteropathogenic E. coli (EEC-I) strains, freshly isolated from infantile enteritis cases, were investigated. Only two O26 : K60 : H11 strains produced enterotoxin. Their living cultures, sterile filtrates of the fluid medium and ultrasonic lysates of the bacteria resulted in pronounced hypersecretion of the intestinal epithelium followed by fluid accumulation and loop dilatation. These two E. coli strains, similarly as the other loop-negative EEC-I strains, were able to penetrate into the intestinal epithelium. In contrast to the standard ETEC strains, the EEC-I bacteria, adhering to the brush border, intruded into the microvilli, multiplied on the outer epithelial cell membrane making close contact with it and, causing, shedding of microvilli, penetrated into enterocytes becoming enclosed in membrane-bound phagosome-like vacuoles, appeared in the lamina propria and elicited mild focal polymorphonuclear infiltration.