[THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF AGENTS OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS OF URINARY TRACTS AND SENSITIVITY OF MAIN UROPATHOGENS TO ANTIBACTERIAL PREPARATIONS IN MOSCOW IN 2013].

The article presents the results of analysis of spectrum of agents of community-acquired infections of urinary tracts in Moscow The prevalence of resistance these infections to antibiotics applied in treatment of the mentioned pathology are considered.

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment of gastroduodenal Campylobacter infection in children]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka éffektivnosti lecheniia gastroduodenal'nogo kampilobakterioza u detei.

Schemes developed by the authors for antibacterial therapy of gastroduodenal bacterosis caused by Campylobacter spp. in children are described. The data on the treatment of 56 patients with duodenal ulcer and gastroduodenitis are presented. The efficacy of the treatment with medicines under the control of the clinical, endoscopic and microbiological indices was compared. The study showed that De-Nol, furazolidone and combination of trichopol (metronidazole) with vicair were the most efficient drugs for therapy of children with such diseases.

[Isolation of C. pyloridis from children]. / Vydelenie C. pyloridis ot detei.

The authors analyze the findings of gastroduodenal biopsies in 25 children aged 6 to 15 years suffering from mucosal inflammations and functional abnormalities of the upper portions of the digestive tract. Chocolate agar with various bases, one of which has been suggested by the authors, has been used for the isolation of C. pyloridis. Five cultures have been isolated. Microscopic examinations and biochemical identification of the isolates have lead the authors to a conclusion that campylobacter infections of the upper digestive tract may be diagnosed with certainty only after a comprehensive bacteriologic examination.

[Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from children with acute intestinal diseases]. / Vydelenie Campylobacter jejuni i Campylobacter, coli ot detei s ostrymi kishechnymi zabolevaniiami.

In this work the data obtained in the examination of 338 children with diarrhea, aged 5 days to 14 years, are presented. The methods used for the collection of samples and their storage till the moment of inoculation are described. The possibility of using the microscopic examination of Campylobacter-containing native feces is shown. The work resulted in the isolation of 85 C. jejuni and C. coli strains. As shown in this work, the isolation of Campylobacter depended on the age of children and the season. The etiological importance of Campylobacter for the development of acute enterocolitis and gastroenteritis in 10% of the children under examination is suggested.

[Characteristics of the effect of egg lysozyme on micrococci and staphylococci]. / Osobennosti deistviia iaichnogo lizotsima na mikrokokki i stafilokokki.

The nature of the optical density of suspensions of Staph. aureus and M. luteus cells at various concentrations of chicken egg albumin lysozyme and two products of its chemical transformation was studied comparatively. The experiments were performed in 1/15 M Na-phosphate buffer at pH 6.2 and a temperature of 20-22 degrees C. It was shown that the decrease in the optical density of the suspensions observed at relatively low concentrations of lysozyme, i.e. 0.032-0.064 mg/ml, was due to lysis of both microbial species. The increase in the optical density of the suspensions at higher (0.5-2.0 mg/ml) concentrations of lysozyme was connected with formation of insoluble aggregates of an electrostatic character. Lysozyme in such aggregates is the positively charged component and the microbial cell material is the negatively charged component. When M. luteus strains are sensitive to lysozyme, the aggregates are formed from the cell fragments or lysis acid products. When Staph, aureus strains have higher resistance levels, the aggregates are formed from both the lysis products and the intact live cells which is of special interest.

[Action of egg lysozyme on representatives of the family Micrococcaceae. The action on staphylococci]. / Deistvie iaichnogo lizotzima na predstavitelei semeistva Micrococcaceae. Deistvie na stafilokokki.

The results of the study on the effect of various concentrations of lysozyme on staphylococci of three species, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are presented. The study was performed with the use of the turbidimetric method. It was found that all the staphylococci had a common tendency for changing the optic density (OD) of the suspensions under the effect of lysozyme which was different from that in Micrococcus luteus. However, the dynamics of decreasing the OD in Staph. saprophyticus was characterized by some properties which provided a supposition that the structures of the cell walls in Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis were close, while the cell walls in Staph. saprophyticus had some unknown characteristics.

[Inhibiting action of egg albumin on the growth of coagulase-negative species of staphylococci]. / Ingibiruiushchee deistvie iaichnogo belka na rost koagulazootritsatel'nykh vidov stafilokokkov.

The effect of various concentrations of native egg albumin on growth of three staphyloccal species was studied. It was found that addition of 25 per cent of the albumin to the medium prepared from dry nutrient agar inhibited growth of Staph. epidermidis and Staph. saprophyticus, had no effect on growth of Staph. aureus and promoted formation of a pigment by it. A mechanism of the albumin inhibitory effect is suggested. It is proposed that the albumin medium be used for differentiation of Staph. aureus and the coagulase-negative species of staphylococci.

[Drop method of determining micrococcal and staphylococcal sensitivity to egg lysozyme]. / Kapel'nyi metod opredeleniia chuvstvitel'nosti mikrokokkov i streptokokkov k iaichnomu lizotsimu.

Two methods for determination of staphylococcal and micrococcal sensitivity to lysozyme, i.e. the method of serial dilutions in agar and the drop method developed by the authors were compared. The drop method is a modification of the procedure described by Kloos et al. Close correlation between these two methods (r = 0.97 +/- 0.018) was found. The regression curve providing determination of the lysozyme MIC with the drop method was plotted. The drop method is more simple and economical as compared to the method of serial dilutions in agar. It has an advantage in testing sensitivity of single strains.

[Importance of carbohydrate tests for interspecies differentiation of staphylococci]. / Znachenie uglevodnykh testov dlia mezhvidovoi differentsiatsii stafilokokkov.

The authors present the results of interspecies identification of coagulaso-negative staphylococci isolated from different sources. Modification of the method of aerobic carbohydrate and alcohols fermentation of hard media is described. Use of the latest recommendations of the International Subcommittee on taxonomy of staphylocossi and micrococci permitted to identify the greater part of 120 strains studied as Staph. epidermidis and Staph. saprophyticus; however, 1/3 of the cultures differed from these species ("intermediate" strains). Galactose and mannose fermentation was characteristic of Staph. epidermidis, and the absence of fermentation of these carbohydrates--of Staph. saprophyticus. The differences in the fermentation of mannite and tregalose, on the one hand, and on mannose and galactose--on the other, were characteristic of 57% of the "intermediate" strains. The data obtained permitted to draw a conclusion on nonhomogeneity of the group of coagulase-negative staphylococci by their reference to different carbohydrates and alcohols, and on a possibility of existence of not only of different species of these staphylococci, but also of their biochemical variants.

[Action of egg lysozyme on representatives of the family Micrococcaceae. Its action on Micrococcus]. / Deistvie iaichnogo lizozima na predstavitelei semeistva Micrococcaceae. Deistvie na mikrokokki.

The results of the study of the effect of various concentrations of egg lysozyme on M. luteus and M. varians using 2 methods, i.e. serial dilutions in agar and turbidimetric are presented. It was found that the MIC of lysozyme for M. luteus ranged within wide limits, from less than 0.0003 to 1 mg/ml. M. varians was stable to lysozyme. The MIC for all the strains was 8 mg/ml. The turbidimetric method provided determination of general regularities in changes of the optical density in all the strains of M. luteus under the effect of various concentrations of lysozyme. On the basis of these data it was possible to consider the method as the most deep means for determining the intraspecies similarities in the surface structures of Micrococcus as compared to the method of serial dilutions in agar. The dynamics of the changes in the optical density of the M. luteus suspension markedly differed from that of M. varians.

[Antibacterial activity of a lysozyme-like enzyme from staphylococci]. / Antibakterial'naia aktivnost' lizotsimpodobnogo fermenta stafilokokkov

A lysozyme-like enzyme isolated from the culture broth of Staph. aureus 712 presented in its native state a lipoproteid complex. The lytic and antibacterial spectrum of the enzyme was similar to that of the egg albumin enzyme. However, the lipoproteid complex was somewhat superior to the egg albumin complex in its activity against Micrococcus lysodeikticus, a number of gramnegative bacteria and staphylococci. Out of the organisms studied Microccus lysodeikticus, Sarcina and Bac. subtilis proved to be most sensitive to the both enzymes. Comparison of the amount of the enzyme formed in the culture medium with its minimum inhibitory concentration with respect to most of the microbes tested provided a supposition that the lipoproteid enzyme did not play a significant role in the process of the microbial antagonism.