[Graphical monitoring of the artificial lung ventilation. Part 1. Graphs of gas pressure and flow rate during respiration cycle. Capnogram].

Graphical monitoring of the state of the system patient-apparatus for artificial lung ventilation (MLV) provides instant and illustrative information about the state of the system, which is particularly important under conditions of resuscitation and intensive care. Graphs of time dependence of gas pressure in respiratory pathways, gas flow rate, and changes of lung volume during respiration cycle provide on-line information about ventilation mode and patient state including lungs, respiratory pathways, positive pressure at the end of exhalation, etc. These curves allow MLV efficacy to be monitored and improved. Under certain conditions the capnogram shape provides an opportunity for objective evaluation of ventilation adequacy and patient state. The shapes of the curves in the norm and various pathology are considered. This graphical information is concluded to be important for effective use of modern MLV apparatuses for intensive care and resuscitation.

[Implementation of modern trends in the methods of the ventilation support in the new apparatus for artificial lung ventilation Avenir-221 P].

In the new ventilator Avenir-221 P modern lines of development of ventilation support in intensive therapy of adults and children are implemented. The capacities of the ventilator are successfully combined with its technical decisions which include microprocessor parametrical controlling, programming-controlled electric drive, an information saturation, intuitively clear control system, protection against interruption of power supply sources and oxygen feeding falls. A set of functional characteristics (modes VCV, PCV, Ass/Contr, PSV, SIMV, PEEP, Sigh, etc.) in combination with an original design make the device the most accessible and promising for application in intensive care and resuscitation units of a wide network of Russian hospitals and clinics. The ventilator Avenir-221 P has passed all required tests and is presently commercially available.

[Analysis and realization of new methods of testing the artificial ventilation of lungs (AVL) equipment]. / Analiz i realizatsiia novykh metodik proverki apparatov IVL.

The requirements applicable to the canal of the artificial ventilation of the lungs (AVL), volume measuring and to methods of appropriate monitoring based on GOST R ISO 10651.1-99 "Medical equipment of artificial ventilation of the lungs. Part 1. Technical requirements" (now valid). The recommendations on the testing methods and means and, in particular, on modeling the stretching properties and resistance of pulmonary phantoms are motivated. The influence of the internal stretching properties of AVL equipment and of the inertia system's specificity, comprising an apparatus and patient's respiratory organs, produced on the apparatus characteristics and functional curves (gas flow velocity, respiratory volume as well as pressure in the lungs and at the apparatus outlet) is analyzed.