IL-15 and GM-CSF stimulated macrophages enhances phagocytic activity in ENU induced leukemic mice.

Murine splenic macrophage plays a decisive role in host immunity through phagocytosis against pathogens. It was reported that, macrophages also involves in phagocytosis of some tumour cells upon its activation initiated by certain cytokines produced by other immune cell or by indigenously treated. In this study, we have investigated the killing of leukemic blast cells by macrophages upon stimulated with IL-15 and GM-CSF alone or in combination in ENU challenged leukemic murine model. Along with, the release of TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ by macrophages were assayed by ELISA. NO production by macrophages was also investigated. The molecular expressions like GM-CSF and TLRs were investigated for better understand of macrophage-leukemic cell interaction. Result shows that in disease condition macrophages have poor phagocytic activities which may be due to less release of TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ by macrophages. This impaired phagocytic activity in leukemic mice was increase upon stimulation with IL-15 and GM-CSF.

Residues in Food and Feed Topic Area at the 13th IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry.

The organizers of two symposia in the "Residues in Food and Feed" topic area held at the 13th IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry introduce the papers that were contributed to this special section in the Journal. The symposia were titled "Taking Advantage of Advanced Analytical Tools" and "Going from Macro to Micro: The Future of Sample Processing in Residue Analytical Methods". The oral and poster sessions generated much interest and discussion among the attendees, and some highlights are described in this introductory paper.