Somatosensory evoked potential findings in ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVE: Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) abnormalities were reported in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study aimed to investigate SSEP abnormalities and its relation with clinical findings in AS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 26 patients with AS and 17 age-matched health volunteers (Control for SSEP). Median nerve SSEP findings were normal in all AS cases. RESULTS: However, delayed latency and/or very low amplitude of tibial nerve SSEP was found in 20 (76.9%) AS patients. There were significant correlations between tibial SSEP latency and disease duration (R=0.433 to 0.635). There was also an inverse correlation between tibial SSEP amplitude and disease duration (R=-0.429, p=0.047). Serum estradiol level, hip total bone mineral density, The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) score and Beck depression score were significantly lower in AS patients with SSEP abnormalities (37.3±10.8 pg/mL, 0.916±0.123 g/cm(2), 35.0±27.9, 12.8±8.4, respectively) than in AS patients without SSEP abnormalities (53.7±12.3 pg/mL, 1.103±0.197 g/cm(2), 64.8±15.5, 24.8±10.1, respectively). CONCLUSION: Significant inverse correlations between SSEP latencies and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels were found (R=-0.400 to -0.713). There were also significant inverse correlation between SSEP latencies and DHEAS/oestrogen index (R=-0.596 to -0.868), and between SSEP latencies and DHEAS/Progesterone index (R=-0.467 to -0.685). As a conclusion, this study indicates that tibial nerve SSEP abnormalities are common in patients with AS and there are significant correlations between clinical findings of AS and SSEP abnormalities.

Home-based exercise therapy in ankylosing spondylitis: short-term prospective study in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors.

The importance of exercise and regular physiotherapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) under treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFα inhibitors) was reported in some studies, but the literature on this topic is still scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of home-based exercise therapy on functional capacity, disease activity, spinal mobility, quality of life, emotional state and fatigue in patients with AS receiving TNFα inhibitors. Forty-two AS patients were trained on the disease, and home-based exercise program was demonstrated to all the patients. At baseline and at the end of 10 week, we evaluated Bath AS Disease Activity Index, Bath AS Functional Index, Bath AS Metrology Index, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Short-Form 36. Patients following home-based exercise program five times a week at least 30 min per session (exercise group) were compared with those exercising less than five times a week (control group). At baseline, exercise and control group had similar demographic features. After 10 weeks, all outcome parameters showed statistically significant improvements in exercise group. There were significant differences in all the parameters except social functioning subscale of Short-Form 36 between groups in favor of exercise group at 10th week (P < 0.05). Home-based exercise program is an effective therapy in increasing functional capacity and joint mobility, decreasing disease activity, improving emotional state, fatigue and quality of life for AS patient receiving TNFα inhibitors. We need to find out new ways to provide continuity of AS patients with it.

Bone loss in males with ankylosing spondylitis: its relation to sex hormone levels.

OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is a common complication of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The aim of the present study was to assess the association of sex hormone levels with bone loss in males with AS. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. Patients The study group consisted of 58 male patients with primary AS. The mean age was 38.2 years (range 18-59 years). MEASUREMENTS: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the left proximal femur. Serum FSH, LH, total testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), oestradiol (E2) and progesterone levels were measured. RESULTS: Bone loss was observed in 54.5% of cases at the femoral neck and in 52.3% of cases at the trochanter and total hip. Bone loss was found in 40 (69%) cases in at least one of these three regions. Serum DHEAS was low in 12 (30.8%) of the cases with bone loss, and one (5.9%) of those without (P = 0.043). The ratio of serum T/DHEAS was higher in those with bone loss (5.24 +/- 3.70) than in those without (3.58 +/- 3.16) (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that bone loss might be related to low serum DHEAS levels in males with AS.

Facet angles in lumbar disc herniation: their relation to anthropometric features.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the alteration of facet joint angle and its relation to anthropometric features in lumbar disc herniation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In the previous studies, the facet tropism and its relation to the level, type, side, and development of lumbar disc herniation were reported. This study was the first to correlate anthropometric feature, facet angle, and asymmetry in patients with lumbar disc herniation. METHODS.: Sixty-one patients with lumbar disc herniation were included in this study. The body height, vertex-to-spina iliaca posterior superior distance, spina iliaca posterior superior-to-floor distance, and net weight were measured and body mass index calculated. The facet angles were measured for each facet joint using computed tomography. The intraobserver error was found to be +/- 1.66 degrees. We defined facet tropism as the bilateral angle difference greater than 2 intraobserver errors. The asymmetry rate was a ratio of degree of angles of the more coronally oriented facet joint to the more sagittally oriented facet joint at the same intervertebral level. RESULTS: The facet asymmetry was observed at the herniation level in 70.5% of the patients. There was a correlation between the degree of the more sagittally oriented facet joint angle and facet asymmetry rate at the herniation level (R = -0.684, P = 0.0001 for L4-L5 lumbar disc herniation; R = -0.509, P = 0.008 for L5-S1 lumbar disc herniation). The body height correlated with the degree of the more sagittally oriented facet joint angle, the degree of more coronally oriented facet joint angle, and asymmetry rate, respectively (R = -0.571, P = 0.0001; R = -0.474, P = 0.002; R = 0.314, P = 0.045, respectively). There was no correlation between the degree of these angles and the vertex-to-spina iliaca posterior superior distance. The spina iliaca posterior superior-to-floor distance was correlated with the degree of the more sagittally oriented facet joint angle (R = -0.457, P = 0.0001) and more coronally oriented facet joint angle (R = -0.435, P = 0.004) but not with the asymmetry rate. The degree of facet angles was not correlated with body weight and body mass index. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that patients with lumbar disc herniation had the asymmetry and sagittalization of facet joints, and these alterations were more evident in the taller patients.