Role of mitochondrial homeostasis in D-galactose-induced cardiovascular ageing from bench to bedside.

Ageing is an inevitable phenomenon which affects the cellular to the organism level in the progression of the time. Oxidative stress and inflammation are now widely regarded as the key processes involved in the aging process, which may then cause significant harm to mitochondrial DNA, leading to apoptosis. Normal circulatory function is a significant predictor of disease-free life expectancy. Indeed, disorders affecting the cardiovascular system, which are becoming more common, are the primary cause of worldwide morbidity, disability, and mortality. Cardiovascular aging may precede or possibly underpin overall, age-related health decline. Numerous studies have foundmitochondrial mechanistc approachplays a vital role in the in the onset and development of aging. The D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging model is well recognized and commonly used in the aging study. In this review we redeposit the association of the previous and current studies on mitochondrial homeostasis and its underlying mechanisms in D-galactose cardiovascular ageing. Further we focus the novel and the treatment strategies to combat the major complication leading to the cardiovascular ageing.

Highly Fluorescent ZnO Composite of N-doped Carbon Dots From Dregea Volubilis for Fluorometric Determination of Glucose in Biological Samples.

A nano-sensor based on N-doped carbon dots (NCDs)@ZnO (NCZ) composite was fabricated and efficacy for detecting glucose from human blood and urine samples in a straightforward manner was examined. The composite was prepared following a green hydrothermal method under ambient condition using a novel plant material, Dregea volubilis fruit and structural and optical properties were evaluated using standard techniques. The composite exhibited excellent characteristics including good photostability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and strong fluorescence, with a decent quantum yield of up to 59%. The NCZ composite has been very sensitive and could selectively detect glucose in urine and blood samples. Selective glucose quenching was efficacious at different concentrations of glucose (1-6 mM) and in the pH range of 7-8, limit of detection was 0.25 mM. The potential uses of carbon-based materials have grown, thanks to the excellent sensing/detection capabilities of the NCZ composite as well as the capacity to prevent nanoparticle aggregation, opening up new possibilities for the development of environmentally benign nano-sensors.

Potential Development of N-Doped Carbon Dots and Metal-Oxide Carbon Dot Composites for Chemical and Biosensing.

Among carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have received a surge of interest in recent years due to their attractive features such as tunable photoluminescence, cost effectiveness, nontoxic renewable resources, quick and direct reactions, chemical and superior water solubility, good cell-membrane permeability, and simple operation. CDs and their composites have a large potential for sensing contaminants present in physical systems such as water resources as well as biological systems. Tuning the properties of CDs is a very important subject. This review discusses in detail heteroatom doping (N-doped CDs, N-CDs) and the formation of metal-based CD nanocomposites using a combination of matrices, such as metals and metal oxides. The properties of N-CDs and metal-based CDs nanocomposites, their syntheses, and applications in both chemical sensing and biosensing are reviewed.