A novel mechanism of macular holes in patients with Behçet's uveitis.

To describe two cases of Behçet's retinitis lesions in the macula causing sloughing of retinal tissue forming a full-thickness macular hole. This was a case series study. Case 1 was a 26-year-old presented, known case of Behçet's disease, presented with a large area of retinitis involving the center of the macula with overlying vitritis. One day after the initiation of treatment, vitritis improved, but the retinitis patch sloughed and created a full-thickness macular hole. Case 2 was a 31-year-old male, known case of Behçet's uveitis, who presented vitritis and multiple retinitis patches involving the macula of the left eye. Two weeks after infliximab infusion, the inflammation resolved with medical management, however, the retinitis patch was complicated by a full-thickness macular hole with an inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Retinitis at the macula can be complicated by a full-thickness macular hole.

Outcomes of Corneal Topography among Progressive Keratoconus Patients 12 months following Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the overall and specific topographic changes among patients who underwent corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) due to progressive keratoconus. METHODS: This retrospective case series study was conducted at a single-arm hospital in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh. All progressive keratoconus patients who underwent CXL between January 2017 and December 2018 were included consecutively. The epi-off crosslinking technique (Dresden protocol) was applied in all patients. The topographic values were measured preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Patients with a history of a previous corneal procedure, corneal trauma, or any corneal scarring were excluded. RESULTS: Among our population (29 eyes of 24 patients), 58.6% of eyes were for male patients, and the mean age of the population was 27.76 ± 4.21 years. Based on the topography results, the mean values of corneal thickness at central 3 mm decreased from 473.45 ± 38 µm to 465.72 ± 41.78 µm following CXL (Z = -1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.048-0.057, p= 0.053). Clinically significant astigmatism measurements were present in 28 (96.6%) eyes before CXL compared to 26 (89.7%) eyes after CXL. The mean values of astigmatism among the patients were 3.37 ± 2.25 diopters before and 3.67 ± 2.61 diopters after CXL (Z = -1696, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.085-0.096, p = 0.09). After CXL, the mean values of the front elevation at the apex changed from 33.90 ± 20.13 µm to 36.10 ± 21.09 µm (Z = -2.792, 95% [CI] = 0.003-0.006, p = 0.005). The mean values of the back elevation at the apex changed from 68.4 ± 35.66 µm to 69.90 ± 35.89 µm (Z = -0.934, 95% CI = 0.343-0.366, p = 0.35). CONCLUSION: The topographic corneal parameters improved significantly in the patients with corneal ectasia after CXL. These results revealed the safety and efficacy of CXL in stabilizing keratoconus progression among Saudi patients at 1 year of follow-up.

A Subcutaneous Juvenile Xanthogranuloma in a 4-Year-Old Girl Who Presented with a Lower Eyelid Mass.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a relatively uncommon, benign, histiocytic proliferative cutaneous disorder that typically affects children, with the head and neck being the most common sites. The present case report describes an isolated subcutaneous JXG in a 4-year-old girl who presented with a circumscribed oval mass located in the lower eyelid of the right eye. This lesion was histologically diagnosed as JXG after a surgical resection of the mass.