Evaluating the rumen-protected lysine stability in forage-based total mixed rations in vitro and determining the lysine Brix value.

Three rumen-protected lysine (RPL) products (AjiPro® -L, LysiPEARLTM , and Feedtech Bypass LysineTM : A, B, and C, respectively) were tested for stability in two forage-based total mixed rations (TMR1, 41.3% dry matter (DM), and TMR2, 49.5% DM) (experiment 1) and for Brix value (experiment 2). In experiment 1, each RPL product (2 g each) and TMR diet (200 g) were mixed and stored in plastic bags at 20°C for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. In experiment 2, each RPL product (2 g) was dispensed into ion-exchanged water (20 ml) and kept at 20°C for 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. At each time point, free lysine (Lys) content and Brix values of extracts were measured, and Lys release (LR, %) was calculated. All RPL products LR% varied with varying diets DM and increased with increasing of time exposed to diets; it was highest in C, followed by B, and then A. Water LR% positively correlated with that from diets and with Brix values of Lys dissociated in water. Our results indicated that Lys dissociation from RPL products is affected by diet DM content. Brix value may be used as a potential marker for RPL protection efficacy.

A novel avenue to gold nanostructured microtubes using functionalized fiber as the ligand, the reductant, and the template.

Gold nanostructured microtubes (AuNMTs) are prepared using a tertiary amine group-functionalized polyethylene (PE)-coated polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric as a ligand, a reductant, and a template, which takes advantage of the different radiation effects of PE and PP. The Au(III) ions are absorbed and reduced only in the PE layer to form the aggregation of gold nanoparticles; thus, AuNMTs are obtained after the calcination.

Spin-trapping reactions of a novel gauchetype radical trapper G-CYPMPO.

Chemical reactions of a novel gauchetype spin trap, G-CYPMPO (sc-5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-5-methy-1-pyrroline N-oxide, O1-P1-C6-N1 torsion angle = 52.8°), with reactive oxygen species were examined by pulse radiolysis technique with 35 MeV electron beam and by electron spin resonance spectroscopy after (60)Co γ-ray irradiation. The spin-trapping reaction rate constants of G-CYPMPO toward the hydroxyl radical and the hydrated electron were estimated to be (4.2 ± 0.1) × 10(9) and (11.8 ± 0.2) × 10(9) M(-1)s(-1), respectively. Half-lives of the spin adducts, hydroxyl radical, and perhydroxyl radical adducted G-CYPMPO were estimated to be ∼35 and ∼90 min, respectively. A comparison of the results with earlier reports using different radical sources suggests that the purity of the solution and/or the radical generation technique may influence the stability of the spin adducts.

Comparative studies on the conformational change and aggregation behavior of irradiated carrageenans and agar by dynamic light scattering.

The conformational associative properties of kappa-, iota-, and lambda-carrageenan and agar with irradiation dose were studied by dynamic light scattering. The random scission of the carrageenans and agar by gamma irradiation resulted in the formation of polydispersed lower molecular weight fragments. At high doses, the system moves towards uniformity. Conformational change from coil to helix was observed in all carrageenans and agar at doses up to 100 kGy. The conformational change in lambda-carrageenan may be due to the irregular and hybrid structure of this polysaccharide. Only agar and lambda-carrageenan still undergo conformational transition at a high dose of 200 kGy. Gelation is observed for kappa-, iota-carrageenan up to a dose of 50 kGy while gelation is still observed at 100 kGy for agar. Increase in the hydrodynamic radius with decreasing temperatures for the non-irradiated carrageenans follows this order: lambda-carrageenan>kappa-carrageenan>iota-carrageenan. Slight increases in hydrodynamic radius were observed with irradiation.