Effectiveness of Audiovisual Distraction Technique and Filmed Modeling on Anxiety and Fear in Pediatric Dental Patients.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the audiovisual distraction (AVD) technique and filmed modeling (FM) on anxiety and fear in pediatric dental patients. Materials and methods: This experimental in vivo study was conducted on 80 subjects of age-groups 5-8 years coming to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry for their first dental visit. Study subjects were subjected to noninvasive restorative treatment under AVD in group I, FM in group II, and a combination of AVD and FM in groups III and IV (control 0). To assess the level of pre and postoperative anxiety and fear, various biological parameters like pulse rate, oxygen saturation, body temperature, respiratory rate, and salivary cortisol estimation along with facial image scale (FIS), and fear assessment picture scale (FAPS) were used. Results: Group III (a combination of AVD and FM) came out to be better than other experimental groups and control groups in reducing dental anxiety and fear in pediatric dental patients. Conclusion: A combination of AVD and FM techniques can be recommended to be used as an effective behavior management technique. Clinical significance: A child's disruptive behavior due to dental anxiety causes difficulty in delivering effective dental treatment. Thus, a child's behavior management is of paramount importance in the pediatric dental setup. Nonpharmacological behavior management techniques, that is, a combination of AVD and FM techniques can be recommended to be used as an effective behavior management technique to reduce dental anxiety and fear in pediatric dental patients. How to cite this article: Jamil F, Khan SY, Jindal MK. Effectiveness of Audiovisual Distraction Technique and Filmed Modeling on Anxiety and Fear in Pediatric Dental Patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):598-602.

Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Lipid-based Thymoquinone Gel: A Two-arm, Single-blinded, and Randomized Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of topical 0.1% lipid-based Thymoquinone (TQ) gel, as an antiplaque and antigingivitis agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was carried out in the Outpatient Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, India with a purposive sample of 60 healthy children of 12-18 years of age, having a gingival and plaque index ≥1; the children were divided into two groups by simple randomization. Group A (30 subjects) was advised to apply peanut amount of Chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, twice a day for 2min. Group B (30 subjects) was advised the same but with a peanut amount of 0.1% lipid-based TQ gel. The clinical parameters were the recording of plaque and gingival indices, prior to the treatment (baseline) and at the 14th and 28th day, respectively (post-treatment). The total duration of the study was 28 days with follow-up. RESULTS: Data analysis was done by employing IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Windows software, version 20 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). The 0.1% lipid-based TQ gel had a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.001) in plaque index as compared with CHX gel during the 0-14th day and 0-28th day, respectively. Similarly, 0.1% lipid-based TQ gel showed a statistically significant reduction in gingival index (P = 0.005) during the 0-14th day and a statistically significant reduction during the 0-28th day (P < 0.001), as compared with CHX gel. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant reduction in plaque (P < 0.001) and gingival index (P < 0.001) with the usage of 0.1% lipid-based TQ gel.

Inheritance and Susceptibility to Dental Caries: A Community-based Study.

BACKGROUND: Effects of consanguineous marriage on human population are known. However, the inherited susceptibility to dental caries is unfortunately quite limited. AIM: This study aimed to assess the dental caries status (DMFT/deft [decayed-missed-filling teeth/decayed-extracted-filled teeth] index) in children born out of consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages. DESIGN: Household survey using a cross-sectional study design was planned, with a sample size of 2000 comprising (1600 non-consanguineous and 400 consanguineous) children, aged 6-9 years. Household survey was also planned using a systematic random sampling. Researcher conducted the study by visiting every 10th household of every 10th ward of Aligarh city, Uttar Pradesh, India. Information of risk factors for dental caries (sociodemographic, birth order, oral hygiene, feeding practices) was recorded on a pretested questionnaire with clinical examination of DMFT/deft index. ANALYSIS: Student t test for equality of means and multivariate logistic regression were used. RESULTS: By Student t test for equality of means, D component (P = 0.003), d component (P < 0.001), and deft score (P < 0.001) were statistically significant in the consanguineous group. Multivariate logistic regression did not deduce any association of either of the study groups, but a significant association of risk factors with dental caries was observed. CONCLUSION: Dental caries that has multifactorial etiology, both environment and genetic factors, had an influence on the causation of dental caries in this study.

An Exploratory Study of Consanguinity and Dental Developmental Anomalies.

BACKGROUND: Consanguinity is known to alter the population structure but the available literature is almost silent on the association of dental conditions with consanguinity. AIM: The purpose was to assess the various dental developmental anomalies in 6-9 year old children born out of consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages and its association with their parents. DESIGN: A cross sectional house-hold survey with a sample size of 2,000 (1,600 non-consanguineous and 400 consanguineous respondents and their parents) using systematic random sampling was planned. Six to nine-year-old children and their parents living in 1,597 households were examined and the information recorded on a pretested self prepared questionnaire. The questionnaire had questions pertaining to personal details, type of consanguineous marriages, history of trauma and examination of dental developmental anomalies. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression showed that non syndromic supernumerary teeth in fathers (p =.009); fusion in mothers (p = 0.002); fusion (p <0.001), nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth (p < 0.001), and microdontia (p = 0.002) in respondents were significantly associated with consanguinity. CONCLUSION: A significant association of developmental anomalies in parents with consanguineous marriages and their respondents was observed. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Khan SY. An Exploratory Study of Consanguinity and Dental Developmental Anomalies. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2018;11(6):513-518.

An antitumor pectic polysaccharide from Feronia limonia.

An acidic heteropolysaccharide has been isolated from the tropical angiosperm Feronia limonia syn. F. elephantum (family: Rutaceae). A partially carboxymethylated alpha-(1-4) polygalacturonan backbone structure with 2- and 2,4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl, 2- and 2, 3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl and 3-, 2,4-and terminal alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bearing side chains has been tentatively assigned. The preliminary study in the murine model showed some significant in vivo Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth inhibition.

Role of high-affinity folate-binding protein in the plasma distribution of tetrahydrofolate in pigs.

Stability and protein-binding properties of tetrahydrofolate (THF) in pig plasma were studied in vitro. THF in plasma was stable for more than 120 min when it existed in a bound form, whereas THF both in plasma ultrafiltrate and in plasma ultrafiltrate plus porcine albumin was degraded rapidly and disappeared soon after its addition. These results suggest that high-affinity folate-binding protein (HFBP) is related to the stability of THF. THF-protein binding kinetic analysis showed that porcine plasma had HFBP and low-affinity binding protein (albumin) for THF. Dissociation constant and maximal binding capacity of HFBP were calculated to be 0.4 and 70 nM, respectively, indicating that > 98% of endogenous plasma THF existed in bound form with HFBP. Porcine albumin was not essentially a protein that binds and protects endogenous THF from degradation. We conclude that most endogenous THF binds to HFBP and only the unbound form of THF is rapidly degraded in pig plasma. HFBP protects THF from degradation and allows THF to exist stably in pig plasma. In addition, HFBP may govern the species specificity of plasma folate distribution in pigs.