Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 81
Filtrar
1.
Tissue Antigens ; 75(2): 151-8, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20003135

RESUMO

This is the first report of high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing in four indigenous groups in Malaysia. A total of 99 normal, healthy participants representing the Negrito (Jehai and Kensiu), Proto-Malay (Temuan) and a native group of Borneo (Bidayuh) were typed for HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 genes using sequence-based typing. Eleven HLA-A, 26 HLA-B, 16 HLA-DRB1 and 14 HLA-DQB1 alleles were detected, including a new allele, HLA-B*3589 in the Jehai. Highly frequent alleles were A*2407, B*1513, B*1801, DRB1*0901, DRB1*1202, DRB1*1502, DQB1*0303 and DQB1*0502. Principal component analysis based on high-resolution HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 allele frequencies showed close affinities among all four groups, including the Negritos, with other Southeast Asian populations. These results showed the scope of HLA diversity in these indigenous minority groups and may prove beneficial for future disease association, anthropological and forensic studies.


Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Genes MHC da Classe II , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Grupos Populacionais/genética , Alelos , Frequência do Gene , Antígenos HLA/genética , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Humanos , Leucócitos/imunologia , Malásia
2.
Kyobu Geka ; 61(12): 1035-8, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19048903

RESUMO

Myxomas are account for approximately half of primary cardiac tumors, and 75% cases originate in left atrium. We report our experience of a right atrial myxoma. A 68-year-old woman was referred to us due to anorexia, general fatigue and facial edema. Echocardiogram, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and catheter angiocardiogram revealed a huge tumor in right atrium. The tumor was resected completely with the attached right atrial free wall under cardiopulmonary bypass. Pathological examination showed myxomatous tissue. Postoperative course was uneventful. She discharged the hospital on the 37th day after the operation, and is now doing well without any symptoms.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirurgia , Mixoma/cirurgia , Idoso , Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Feminino , Átrios do Coração , Humanos
3.
Biochem Genet ; 45(7-8): 535-42, 2007 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17570052

RESUMO

Very little is known about the genes and mechanisms affecting skin lightening in Asian populations. In this study, two coding SNPs, c.G1129A (R163Q) at the MC1R (melanocortin 1 receptor) gene and c.A1962G (H615R) at the OCA2 (oculocutaneous albinism type II) gene, were investigated in a total of 1,809 individuals in 16 populations from various areas. The Q163 and R615 alleles prevailed almost exclusively in East and Southeast Asian populations. Wright's F (ST) was 0.445 for R163Q and 0.385 for H615R among the 16 populations. The frequency of the Q163 allele was higher in Northeast Asians than in Southeast Asians. The frequency of the R615 allele was highest in South China and unlikely to be associated with levels of ultraviolet radiation. This allele may be a good marker to study the genetic affinity among East Asians because of its restricted distribution and marked difference in allele frequency.


Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptor Tipo 1 de Melanocortina/genética , Alelos , Povo Asiático/etnologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genética Populacional , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Fenótipo , Pigmentação da Pele/genética
4.
Ann Hum Genet ; 70(Pt 6): 802-11, 2006 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17044855

RESUMO

The membrane-associated transporter protein (MATP) plays an important role in melanin synthesis. The L374F mutation in the SLC45A2 gene encoding MATP has been suggested to be associated with skin colour in major human populations. In this study more detailed distribution of the F374 allele was investigated in 1649 unrelated subjects from 13 Eurasian populations and one African population. The highest allele frequency was observed in Germans (0.965); French and Italians showed somewhat lower frequencies; and Turks had an intermediate value (0.615). Indians and Bangladeshis from South Asia were characterized by low frequencies (0.147 and 0.059, respectively). We also found the F374 allele in some East and Southeast Asian populations, and explained this by admixture. Haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotype diversity was much lower in Germans than in Japanese, and suggest that the L374F mutation occurred only once in the ancestry of Caucasians. The large differences in distribution of the F374 allele and its haplotypes suggest that this allele may be an important factor in hypopigmentation in Caucasian populations.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Frequência do Gene , Haplótipos , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Povo Asiático/genética , População Negra/genética , Efeito Fundador , Genética Populacional , Genótipo , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Racemases e Epimerases/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , População Branca/genética
5.
Genes Immun ; 6(5): 398-406, 2005 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15889130

RESUMO

The family of genes encoding T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing proteins (Tim), which are cell-surface molecules expressed in CD4(+) T helper cells, has important roles in the immune system. Here, we report three unusual patterns of genetic variation in the human hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 gene (HAVCR1) that are similar to patterns observed in major histocompatibility complex loci. First, levels of polymorphism in exon 4 of HAVCR1 were exceptionally high in humans (nucleotide diversity (pi)=45.45 x 10(-4)). Second, nonsynonymous substitutions and insertion/deletion variants were more frequent than synonymous substitutions in that exon (10 out of 12 variants). The rate of the mean number of nucleotide substitutions at nonsynonymous sites to synonymous sites at HAVCR1-exon 4 is >1 (P(A)/P(S)=1.92 and pi(A)/pi(S)=2.23). Third, levels of divergence among human, chimp, and gorilla sequences were unusually high in HAVCR1-exon 4 sequences. These features suggest that patterns of variation in HAVCR1 have been shaped by both positive and balancing natural selection in the course of primate evolution. Evidence that the effects of natural selection are largely restricted to the mucin domain of HAVCR1 suggests that this region may be of particular evolutionary and epidemiological interest.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Éxons/genética , Variação Genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Filogenia , Receptores Virais/genética , Seleção Genética , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/fisiologia , Receptor Celular 1 do Vírus da Hepatite A , Humanos , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/fisiologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mucinas/genética , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/genética , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/fisiologia , Receptores Virais/metabolismo
6.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 33(Database issue): D25-8, 2005 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15608189

RESUMO

In the past year, we at DDBJ (DNA Data Bank of Japan; http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp) collected and released 1,066,084 entries or 718,072,425 bases including the whole chromosome 22 of chimpanzee, the whole-genome shotgun sequences of silkworm and various others. On the other hand, we hosted workshops for human full-length cDNA annotation and participated in jamborees of mouse full-length cDNA annotation. The annotated data are made public at DDBJ. We are also in collaboration with a RIKEN team to accept and release the CAGE (Cap Analysis Gene Expression) data under a new category, MGA (Mass Sequences for Genome Annotation). The data will be useful for studying gene expression control in many aspects.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Animais , Comportamento Cooperativo , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos/tendências , Expressão Gênica , Genoma , Genômica , Humanos , Internet , Análise de Sequência de DNA
7.
Cytogenet Genome Res ; 108(1-3): 16-21, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15545711

RESUMO

The phylogenetic relationship of human and apes are reviewed. The history of molecular phylogenetic studies in this field is then discussed, as is the role of natural selection at the molecular level. It is argued that approximately 10,000 genetic changes are responsible for creating human specific phenotypes. A genome-wide comparison is necessary to decipher those changes.


Assuntos
Hominidae/genética , Animais , Evolução Molecular , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia
8.
Cytogenet Genome Res ; 108(1-3): 83-90, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15545719

RESUMO

Chromosome rearrangement has been considered to be important in the evolutionary process. Here, we demonstrate the evolutionary relationship of the rearranged human chromosome 12 and the corresponding chromosome XII in apes (chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon) by examining PCR products derived from the breakpoints of inversions and by conducting shotgun sequencing of a gorilla fosmid clone containing the breakpoint and a "duplicated segment" (duplicon). We confirmed that a pair of 23-kb duplicons flank the breakpoints of inversions on the long and short arms of chimpanzee chromosome XII. Although only the 23-kb duplicon on the long arm of chimpanzee chromosome XII and its telomeric flanking sequence are found to be conserved among the hominoids (human, great apes, and gibbons), the duplicon on the short arm of chimpanzee chromosome XII is suggested to be the result of a duplication from that on the long arm. Furthermore, the shotgun sequencing of a gorilla fosmid indicated that the breakpoint on the long arm of the gorilla is located at a different position 1.9 kb from that of chimpanzee. The region is flanked by a sequence homologous to that of human chromosome 6q22. Our findings and sequence analysis suggest a close relationship between segmental duplication and chromosome rearrangement (or breakpoint of inversion) in Hominoidea. The role of the chromosome rearrangement in speciation is also discussed based on our new results.


Assuntos
Sequência de Bases/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 12/genética , Rearranjo Gênico/genética , Hominidae/genética , Nucleotídeos/genética , Animais , Quebra Cromossômica/genética , Cromossomos Artificiais Bacterianos/genética , Cromossomos de Mamíferos/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Gorilla gorilla/genética , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Pan troglodytes/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Pongo pygmaeus/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos
9.
Nature ; 429(6990): 382-8, 2004 May 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15164055

RESUMO

Human-chimpanzee comparative genome research is essential for narrowing down genetic changes involved in the acquisition of unique human features, such as highly developed cognitive functions, bipedalism or the use of complex language. Here, we report the high-quality DNA sequence of 33.3 megabases of chimpanzee chromosome 22. By comparing the whole sequence with the human counterpart, chromosome 21, we found that 1.44% of the chromosome consists of single-base substitutions in addition to nearly 68,000 insertions or deletions. These differences are sufficient to generate changes in most of the proteins. Indeed, 83% of the 231 coding sequences, including functionally important genes, show differences at the amino acid sequence level. Furthermore, we demonstrate different expansion of particular subfamilies of retrotransposons between the lineages, suggesting different impacts of retrotranspositions on human and chimpanzee evolution. The genomic changes after speciation and their biological consequences seem more complex than originally hypothesized.


Assuntos
Cromossomos de Mamíferos/genética , Evolução Molecular , Pan troglodytes/genética , Mapeamento Físico do Cromossomo , Animais , Cromossomos Humanos Par 21/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Genes/genética , Genômica , Humanos , Mutagênese/genética , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Retroelementos/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA
10.
J Hered ; 94(5): 374-80, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14557389

RESUMO

The genetic relationships of seven Japanese and four mainland-Asian horse populations, as well as two European horse populations, were estimated using data for 20 microsatellite loci. Mongolian horses showed the highest average heterozygosities (0.75-0.77) in all populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of three distinct clusters supported by high bootstrap values: the European cluster (Anglo-Arab and thoroughbreds), the Hokkaido-Kiso cluster, and the Mongolian cluster. The relationships of these clusters were consistent with their geographical distributions. Basing our assumptions on the phylogenetic tree and the genetic variation of horse populations, we suggest that Japanese horses originated from Mongolian horses migrating through the Korean Peninsula. The genetic relationship of Japanese horses corresponded to their geographical distribution. Microsatellite polymorphism data were shown to be useful for estimating the genetic relationships between Japanese horses and Asian horses.


Assuntos
Variação Genética , Cavalos/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Filogenia , Alelos , Animais , Ásia , Heterozigoto
11.
Gene ; 316: 111-8, 2003 Oct 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14563557

RESUMO

We sequenced exon 2 of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II DRB3 gene from 471 individuals in four different Japanese populations of cattle (201 Japanese Black, 101 Holstein, 100 Japanese Shorthorn, and 69 Jersey cattle) using a new method for sequence-based typing (SBT). We identified the 34 previously reported alleles and four novel alleles. These alleles were 80.0-100.0% identical at the nucleotide level and 77.9-100.0% identical at the amino acid level to the bovine MHC (BoLA)-DRB3 cDNA clone NR1. Among the 38 alleles, eight alleles were found in only one breed in this study. However, these alleles did not form specific clusters on a phylogenetic tree of 236-base pairs (bp) nucleotide sequences. Furthermore, these breeds exhibited similar variations with respect to average frequencies of nucleotides and amino acids, as well as synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions, in all pairwise comparisons of the alleles found in this study. By contrast, analysis of the frequencies of the various BoLA-DRB3 alleles in each breed indicated that DRB3*1101 was the most frequent allele in Holstein cattle (16.8%), DRB3*4501 was the most frequent allele in Jersey cattle (18.1%), DRB3*1201 was the most frequent allele in Japanese Shorthorn cattle (16.0%) and DRB3*1001 was the most frequent allele in Japanese Black cattle (17.4%), indicating that the frequencies of alleles were differed in each breed. In addition, a population tree based on the frequency of BoLA-DRB3 alleles in each breed suggested that Holstein and Japanese Black cattle were the most closely related, and that Jersey cattle were more different from both these breeds than Japanese Shorthorns.


Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Alelos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Bovinos/classificação , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Frequência do Gene , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Japão , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Especificidade da Espécie
12.
Neurosci Lett ; 336(3): 143-6, 2003 Jan 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12505613

RESUMO

Spinocerebellar Ataxia 8 (SCA8) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a trinucleotide repeat. We undertake a comparative genetic analysis among human populations and primate species in the normal variation range, where forces that shaped present diversity can be recognised. We determinate number of repeats of the short tandem repeat through allele length sizing and sequencing methods. Human allele distributions are very similar among populations, ruling out ethnicity as a genetic risk for allele expansion. Primate comparison shows human-specific features, with longer human alleles due to a novel variable trinucleotide repeat, not present in non-human primates, which increased the disease-causing expansion likelihood. SCA8 seems to be a human specific disease.


Assuntos
Alelos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Degenerações Espinocerebelares/etnologia , Degenerações Espinocerebelares/genética , Expansão das Repetições de Trinucleotídeos , Alanina/genética , Animais , Cisteína/genética , Variação Genética , Glicina/genética , Gorilla gorilla , Humanos , Pan troglodytes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Pongo pygmaeus , RNA Longo não Codificante , RNA não Traduzido , Fatores de Risco , Especificidade da Espécie , Treonina/genética
14.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 30(1): 27-30, 2002 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11752245

RESUMO

The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ, http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp) has made an effort to collect as much data as possible mainly from Japanese researchers. The increase rates of the data we collected, annotated and released to the public in the past year are 43% for the number of entries and 52% for the number of bases. The increase rates are accelerated even after the human genome was sequenced, because sequencing technology has been remarkably advanced and simplified, and research in life science has been shifted from the gene scale to the genome scale. In addition, we have developed the Genome Information Broker (GIB, http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp) that now includes more than 50 complete microbial genome and Arabidopsis genome data. We have also developed a database of the human genome, the Human Genomics Studio (HGS, http://studio.nig.ac.jp). HGS provides one with a set of sequences being as continuous as possible in any one of the 24 chromosomes. Both GIB and HGS have been updated incorporating newly available data and retrieval tools.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Genoma , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Animais , Arabidopsis/genética , Sequência de Bases , Disciplinas das Ciências Biológicas , Coleta de Dados , Genoma Bacteriano , Genoma Humano , Genoma de Planta , Humanos , Japão
15.
Electrophoresis ; 22(16): 3533-8, 2001 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11669538

RESUMO

A number of mutations in coding and noncoding regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have previously been studied. In the present study, we simultaneously typed six mutation sites in the coding region by use of amplified product-length polymorphism (APLP) analysis. The mtDNA variations of 2471 individuals from 20 populations of Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and German were examined and classified into 18 haplotypes. Two of these haplotypes, B1 (estimated ancestral haplotype) and C1, were distributed among all populations tested. However, the haplotypes A1, A2, B2, B3, and C2 were mostly restricted to the Mongoloid populations, whereas haplotypes B5 and C5 appeared almost exclusively in the German population. Phylogenetic analysis by the neighbor-joining method revealed that the Japanese populations were more closely related to each other than to the other East Asian populations surveyed. The multiplex APLP method is suitable for large-scale screening studies of mtDNA variability because it is both rapid and economical.


Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/análise , Polimorfismo Genético , DNA Mitocondrial/classificação , Variação Genética , Humanos , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Fatores de Tempo
16.
Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi ; 38(3): 366-71, 2001 May.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11431892

RESUMO

Purpose-related activities are often lost in severe dementia, including oral hygiene habits such as brushing teeth. The aim of this study is to investigate whether patients with severe dementia can be induced to develop an oral hygiene routine through an occupational therapy approach and whether routine training in oral hygiene habits can reduce dental or denture plaque. Six female inpatients in the same room, who had been given diagnosis of multiple cerebral infarction and dementia. The project design included 4 periods a, b1, b2, and c, a and c were observation periods, while b1 and b2 were general approach periods. In the approach periods we held meetings, and made the program for oral hygiene, planning and problem-solving. In the b2 period both direct intervention by the dentists, dental hygienists and occupational therapists reinforced the habit of brushing teeth in subjects and educated care approach guidance. No patient completely resumed routine habit of brushing teeth, but an improvement in brushings was found in four subjects, one case had no change, and in one case brushing deteriorated. The state of oral hygiene showed improvement in periods b1 and b2. Although the adherence of dental plaque decreased in period b2, it increased in period c. Despite the improvement in performance, sufficient improvement in oral disease prophylaxis was not recognized, suggesting the necessity of professional oral health care by dental staff, and of a disciplinary team approach.


Assuntos
Demência/fisiopatologia , Assistência Odontológica para Idosos , Hábitos , Escovação Dentária , Idoso , Humanos
17.
Ann Hum Genet ; 65(Pt 1): 27-34, 2001 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11415520

RESUMO

Alpha2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), which is equivalent to fetuin in other species, is a protein found in human plasma. AHSG is polymorphic with two common alleles and many variants. To examine the intragenic haplotypes and their diversity at this locus, a contiguous genomic DNA sequence (10.3 kb) was analyzed in 20 samples (40 chromosomes), and haplotypes were determined for 309 subjects. Judging from the aligned nucleotide sequences and the conserved amino acid residues comparing human and chimpanzee AHSG, it was concluded that the type 1 allele is probably older and has evolved into four major suballeles. The type 2 allele was generated from one branch of the type 1 allele. AHSG*3 and *5 variants were each found to have a single nucleotide change in exon 7, resulting in the change of an amino acid residue from Arg299 to Cys and from Asp258 to Asn, respectively. It was noted that the AHSG*3 mutation gives rise to an additional cysteine residue, which possibly affects the conformation of the protein. The AHSG gene was found to have a low mutation rate and no apparent recombination events. Furthermore, the detected substitutions were nonhomogeneously distributed at this locus. In particular, four nonsynonymous substitutions were concentrated in the carboxyl-terminal domain.


Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Haplótipos , alfa-Fetoproteínas/genética , Alelos , Animais , Cromossomos/ultraestrutura , Códon , Evolução Molecular , Humanos , Modelos Genéticos , Mutação , Pan troglodytes , Fenótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Análise de Sequência de DNA , alfa-2-Glicoproteína-HS
18.
J Biol Chem ; 276(17): 13701-8, 2001 Apr 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11278752

RESUMO

We have cloned murine genomic and complementary DNA that is equivalent to the human ABO gene. The murine gene consists of at least six coding exons and spans at least 11 kilobase pairs. Exon-intron boundaries are similar to those of the human gene. Unlike human A and B genes that encode two distinct glycosyltransferases with different donor nucleotide-sugar specificities, the murine gene is a cis-AB gene that encodes an enzyme with both A and B transferase activities, and this cis-AB gene prevails in the mouse population. Cloning of the murine AB gene may be helpful in establishing a mouse model system to assess the functionality of the ABO genes in the future.


Assuntos
Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Galactosiltransferases/genética , Glicosiltransferases/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Cães , Éxons , Galactosiltransferases/química , Biblioteca Gênica , Humanos , Íntrons , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Filogenia , Plasmídeos/metabolismo , Mapeamento por Restrição , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Transfecção
19.
J Hered ; 92(6): 490-6, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11948216

RESUMO

We determined nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (about 1.6 kb) for 35 chimpanzee, 13 bonobo, 10 gorilla, 16 orangutan, and 23 gibbon individuals. We compared those data with published sequences and estimated nucleotide diversity for each species. All the ape species showed higher diversity than human. We also constructed phylogenetic trees and networks. The two orangutan subspecies were clearly separated from each other, and Sumatran orangutans showed much higher nucleotide diversity than Bornean orangutans. Some gibbon species did not form monophyletic clusters, and variation within species was not much different from that among species in the subgenus Hylobates.


Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Variação Genética , Hominidae/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Animais , Humanos , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...