RESUMO
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the colposcopic findings of cervical alterations in the young sexually active female. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Colposcopic examination and follow-up of 51 young sexually active females aged 15-20 yr was conducted due to abnormal cytology or a suspicious abnormality of the cervix. The study was conducted at the Colposcopy Units of the 1(st) and 2(nd) Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Greece. ONTERVENTIONS: Colposcopic examination, LEEP, conization. MEAN OUTCOME MEASURES: Biopsy, human papillomavirus (HPV) typing. RESULTS: Colposcopic examinations were within normal limits in 8 of 51 (15.7%) cases. Cervical alterations were related to HPV infection in 14 cases (27.4%), to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I in 15 (29.4%) cases, to CIN II in 13 (25.5%) cases, and to CIN III in 1 (2.0%) case. Of all CIN I cases, 8 of 15 (53.3%) were HPV positive, and HPV type 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 11& 16 were found. In CIN II cases, 5 of 13 (38.4%) were HPV positive, and HPV type 11, 16, 18, and 11 & 31 were found. In the CIN III case, only HPV type 16 was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings strongly confirm the necessity of obtaining cervicovaginal smears on all sexually active gynecologic and obstetric teenage patients. Colposcopy plays a major role in the evaluation of the cervix and in the treatment that should be given for any individual CIN lesion.
Assuntos
Colo do Útero/patologia , Colposcopia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Serviços de Saúde do Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Comportamento Sexual , Esfregaço VaginalRESUMO
Vomiting and nausea occur in many pregnant women, in the first trimester of pregnancy, but the etiology of these symptoms is obscure. A specially constructed questionnaire was administered to 102 pregnant women, in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, in an effort to see with which factors these disturbing symptoms correlated. Our findings showed that vomiting and nausea correlated with: (1) unsuitable diet with big and rare meals; (2) poor communication with the husband; (3) poor communication with the obstetrician and; (4) stress, doubts and inadequate information about pregnancy, childbirth and health of fetus.