Subjective experiences of a yogo teacher with reference to health support activities carried out in the first year after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A case study based on a narrative approach.

Objectives　To offer an empirical lens-based on the account of a yogo teacher employed at a temporary school in the community where she was relocated after experiencing the Great East Japan Earthquake alongside her students-into the subjective experience of health support activities carried out during the year immediately following the disaster.Method　An interview was conducted with one yogo teacher who experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake, employed at a public junior high school in the region to where she was evacuated. Analysis involved a narrative approach whereby the yogo teacher's story was rewritten as a story in chronological order.Results　The immediate course of events following the disaster was divided into three periods and examined. Period 1: The yogo teacher first experienced the earthquake and was forced to evacuate alongside her students, during which time she felt strong [sense of loss] and [sense of despair]. Period 2: At the reopening of the school in temporary classrooms, she believed her top priority was doing what she could as a yogo teacher and contributing to reopening the school, while working with other teaching staff to make the most of their surroundings. The school's reopening brought a significant sense of security and joy to students. This led her to [finding hope], and she recovered her positive attitude. Subsequently, problems manifested such as bullying and violence. She believed that [being there for the children] was the most important thing she could do as a yogo teacher and continued to provide [emotional care]. Period 3: At the time of completion of a temporary school building, she was [confused and explored] the delay of the children's recovery from emotional problems. She coordinated with a university professor of psychology to conduct classes to alleviate students' tension and stress using strategies such as relaxation techniques. She realized the importance of initiatives that involve [a keen sense of connection and joy].Conclusion　The yogo teacher interviewed for this study, despite being affected by the disaster herself, was always thinking about what she could do to address the various health problems that troubled her students, flexibly promoting health support activities in cooperation with school faculty and mental health professionals. Through these health support activities, she realized that these activities should be accomplished not solely by the yogo teacher, but by bringing together various teachers and professionals in- and outside of the school.

Attitudes toward interprofessional healthcare teams: a comparison between undergraduate students and alumni.

The goal of effective interprofessional education (IPE) is high-quality patient-care delivery and attaining a high level of patient satisfaction in clinical settings. We aimed to examine if alumni who have studied in an IPE program at a pre-licensure stage maintain a positive attitude toward collaborative practice (CP) in the postgraduate clinical experience. This paper presents a cross-sectional descriptive study which employed the modified attitudes toward health care teams scale (ATHCTS) to examine the relationship between exposure to clinical practice and the attitudes toward interprofessional healthcare teams. Results indicated that the overall mean score of alumni was significantly lower than that of undergraduate students on the modified ATHCTS. Only "team efficacy" had a significantly lower regression factor score in alumni than undergraduate students. Our findings suggest that changes in professional identity in a team may be due to contact with patients after graduation in the postgraduate clinical healthcare experience. The reduction of attitudes toward healthcare teams in the postgraduate clinical experience may be related to "team efficacy". We emphasize the need for in-service IPE for sustaining attitudes and providing a useful CP, which results in good clinical outcome.

[Frequency and prevention of childhood domestic injury according to age].

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to: 1) obtain data about occurrence of childhood domestic injuries in Gunma prefecture according to children's age; 2) ascertain parental awareness of injury prevention; and 3) develop ideas for creating concrete strategies of childhood injury prevention. METHODS: The participants were 551 parents of children living in 14 cities/towns in Gunma prefecture that showed interest in cooperating with this survey. A self-reported questionnaire was handed to parents when they took their children to health check-ups provided by the cities/towns either during the child's first year, at 18 months, or at 3 years. Parents completed the questionnaire asking whether their child had been injured at home during the past year, and if so, they were asked about the type of injury, the cause of injury, and what action they took. We also asked whether the parents took specific injury prevention measures at home. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The injury experienced most frequently during the first year of life was "fall" (30.8%), followed by "ingestion of a foreign body" (22.7%), and then "choking" (11.5%). For children around the age of 18 months, the most frequently experienced injury was "fall" (41.0%), followed by "burn" (20.3%), and "ingestion of a foreign body" (19.3%). At 3 years, "burn" was reported most frequently (32.3%), followed by "fall" (31.0%), and "choking" (14.5%). Chi2-test revealed significant correlations among the three age groups concerning the rate of burn injury, foreign body ingestion, and drowning. The rate of burn injury was higher at 3 years than at 18 months, and also higher at 18 months as compared to under the age of one. In contrast, the rate of foreign body ingestion was higher under the age of one than at 18 months, and also higher at 18 months as compared to the age of 3 years. Drowning was more common at 18 months and 3 years than under the age of one. As for prevention of domestic injury, investigation of preventive means taken according to type of injury revealed that parents taking any of the measures to prevent an injury were significantly more likely to also take other means to prevent that injury. CONCLUSION: Characteristics of injury differed according to children's age. Furthermore, it was clarified that parents' performance of injury prevention depends on their awareness of preventive measures.