The collection of historical instruments at National Taiwan University.

This article presents three of the historical instruments from the National Taiwan University collection. The instruments were built between 1894 and 1902. The instruments are (1) Meumann's Largest Time Sense Apparatus, (2) Wundt's Pendulum Tachistoscope, and (3) Schumann's Wheel Tachistoscope. It is hoped that the presentation of these three historical instruments will serve a triple purpose: (a) to enable a greater appreciation of achievements of the scientists on whose shoulders we stand; (b) to illustrate the need for the time-consuming task of designing specialized apparatuses for a given experiment, typical at the time; and (c) to encourage a reflection on the mutual relationship between the instruments available, the questions asked, and the experiments done. In addition, the collection helps illuminate how the importation of apparatuses designed and built in Europe (Germany) to Taiwan and Japan contributed to the spread of Western psychology and its associated technologies on a global scale. (PsycINFO Database Record

Roles of hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference in rats.

This study investigates the roles of hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors and CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference (AMPH-CPP) in rats. An earlier report showed that AMPH-CPP resulted in the enhancement of hippocampal CaMKII activity. In this study, AMPH-CPP significantly increased hippocampal GluR1 receptors, though AMPH-CPP was impaired by either blockade of NMDA receptors (AP5) or inhibition of CaMKII (KN-93) during conditioning. These treatments also impaired CPP if administered before testing, but CPP recovered during the next testing session. Therefore, these treatments had no effect on the extinction of CPP. If the conditioned rats were, however, reexposed to AMPH-CPP after a hippocampal-infusion of AP5 or KN-93, the extinction of the original CPP was greater than that seen in the controls. The hippocampal-infusion of D-cycloserine before CPP testing enhanced the extinction of CPP. These results, taken together, indicate that NMDA receptor activation and CaMKII activity are essential for the AMPH-CPP. AMPH-CPP reexposure is similar to the memory reconsolidation process, being disrupted by either a blockade of the NMDA receptor or an inhibition of CaMKII. Furthermore, the extinction of CPP resembles new learning, which is an active process and is facilitated by a partial NMDA agonist.