[Effect of the antitumor preparations prospidin and spirobromin on the function of the liver lysosomal apparatus in mice]. / Vliianie protivoopukholevykh preparatov prospidina i spirobromina na sostoianie lizosomal'nogo apparata pecheni myshei.

Antitumour drugs prospidine and spirobromine were shown to suppress the activity of the mouse liver lysosome enzymes in vivo and in experiments in vitro. The revealed effect was underlied by a decrease of lysosomal membrane permeability for the corresponding substrates and enzymes rather than a reduction of the catalytic activity of acid hydrolases.

[The role of lipid metabolism disorders in the mechanism of the hepatotoxic effects of rubomycin]. / Rol' narushenii lipidnogo metabolizma v mekhanizmakh gepatotoksicheskikh éffektov rubomitsina.

The phase character of the changes in the contents of lipids and phospholipids and impairment of the ratio of separate fractions in the liver mitochondria after discontinuation of rubomycin (daunorubicin) administration were studied in the time course of 35 days. The impairments were accompanied by activation of lipid peroxidation. By the end of the experiment (on the 35th day) there was noted a tendency to normalization of the indices studied.

[Permeability and phospholipid composition of mitochondrial membranes in the testis of rats with alloxan diabetes]. / Pronitsaemost' i fosfolipidnyi sostav membran mitokhondrii semennikov krys pri alloksanovom diabete.

Content of total phospholipids and their individual fractions was shown to decrease in testes mitochondria of rats with alloxan diabetes. These alterations appear to be responsible for an increase in permeability of the testes mitochondrial membranes for protons and cytochrome c under conditions of diabetes as compared with the control animals.

[Adenine nucleotide metabolism in the testicular tissue of alloxan diabetic rats]. / Obmen adeninnukleotidov v tkani semennikov krys v usloviiakh alloksanovogo diabeta.

Content of ATP and AMP, total intracellular pool of adenine nucleotides, the ratio of adenylate cyclase affecting ratio of ATP/ADP, energy change of the adenylate system as well as potential of adenine nucleotides phosphorylation were decreased in testicular tissue of rats with alloxan diabetes. At the same time, content of ADP and inorganic phosphate was increased as compared with control values. The data obtained suggest that energy metabolism was distinctly impaired in rat testes under conditions of alloxan diabetes, which appears to occur as a result of decrease in AMP biosynthesis and in transformation of the nucleotide into ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. These alterations in the pool of adenylates appear to play an important role in impairments of spermatogenic and endocrine functions of testes in diabetes.

[Oxidative phosphorylation, NADH-oxidase and succinate oxidase activity in testicular mitochondria of rats with alloxan diabetes]. / Okislitel'noe fosforilirovanie, aktivnost' NADH-oksidaznoi i suktsinatoksidaznoi sistem v mitokhondriiakh testikul krys pri alloksanovom diabete.

Decrease in V4P, V3 and VP, in coefficient of respiratory control, in the ratio ADP:0 as well as an increase in duration of phosphorylation of ADP involved in oxidation of succinate were found in testes mitochondria from rats with alloxan diabetes (content of glucose 20 +/- 2 mmol/L in blood plasma). If a mixture of malate and glutamate was used as a substrate of oxidation, the rate of mitochondrial respiration and coefficient of respiratory control were decreased in testes of diabetic rats under conditions of all the metabolic states studied. At the same time, sensitivity of NADH-oxidase and succinate oxidase systems to controlled heating (28 degrees) was distinctly decreased in the testes mitochondrial membranes of the impaired animals as compared with controls. The data obtained suggest that distinct functional and, apparently, structure alterations occurred in the testes mitochondrial membranes of rats with alloxan diabetes.

[Effect of carminomycin on the energy metabolism of the liver in rats]. / Issledovanie vliianiia karminomitsina na énergetickeskii metabolizm pecheni krys.

The effect of carminomycin on the liver energetic metabolism was studied experimentally on rats in dynamics after its intraperitoneal administration in a single LD50 and the therapeutic doses for a treatment course. It was found that changes in the rat liver tissues on the part of the energetic metabolism occurred irrespective of the antibiotic dose and the administration multiplicity. Mainly they were of reversible nature: the balance of consumption and resynthesis of the phosphate macroergs was impaired, the glycolytic processes increased, shifts in the activity of the enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway of oxydation were observed. The level of the above changes was more pronounced when carminomycin was administered in LD50. The adrenal system played an important role in the mechanism of the shifts noted.

[Protein-nitrogen metabolism in the liver of rats intraperitoneally administered carminomycin]. / Belkovo-azotistyi metabolizm pecheni krys pri vnutribriushinnom vvedenii karminomitsina.

It was found in the experiments with rats that in response to carminomycin administration in a single LD50 and the therapeutic doses during the treatment course the intracellular fond of the amino acids in the liver tissue increased, the autolytic processes activated, the activity of the transamination enzymes, histidine and ammonia lyases increased. The level of the residual nitrogen increased mainly at the expense of increased ammonia production and urea levels. These changes were more pronounced when the antibiotic was administered in LD50. Independent of the administration multiplicity and the antibiotic dosage they were of reversible nature and mainly disappeared by the end of the observation.

[Role of the adrenal glands in the cytostatic action mechanism of antitumor antibiotics]. / O roli nadpochechnikov zhelez v mekhanizme tsitostaticheskogo deistviia protivoopukholevykh antibiotikov.

The state of the steroidogenic function of the adrenal glands, lipid spectrum of the adrenal gland tissue and metabolism rate of 11-oxycorticosteroids (11-OCS) in the liver tissue and their levels in the blood plasma were studied on rats after a single administration of karminomycin in a dose of LD50 (1.55 mg/kg). The hormones of the adrenal cortex were shown to play a definite role in the mechanism of the karminomycin damaging effect. Dependence of the changes on the time of the drug effect was noted. The shifts were of a reversible character. No direct toxic damages in the tissue of the adrenal glands were observed. Only an increase in the 11-OCS blood levels and a decrease in the steroid metabolism in the liver tissue were shown. The latter must be due to the direct cytotoxic effect of karminomycin on the tissue of this organ.

[Shifts in the electrolyte and energy metabolism of rat myocardium in experimental hypercorticism]. / Sdvigi v elektrolitnom i energeticheskom metabolizme miokarda krys pri eksperimental'nom giperkortitsizme

Experiments were conducted on 612 albino male rats; a complex study was made in the myocardium of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, water, creatinphosphate, inorganic phosphorus, adenylic system components. A study was made of the effect of exogenous hypercorticism created by the administration of prednisolone, hydrocortisone and DOCA on the cardiac metabolism. Potassium-sodium tissue homeostasis in the myocardium proved to be stable under these conditions. Glucocorticoid hypercorticism was characterized by a reduction of creatinphosphate and by the accumulation of inorganic phosphate. DOCA administration failed to be significantly reflected on the balance of the phosphate macroerg balance. Glucocorticosteroids caused an increase in the Mg2+ and a reduction of the Cl- level, whereas DOCA brings about an increase of Ca2+ and Cl- in the myocardium. Dosaged sharp physical load is accompanied by the K+ cumulation in the myocardium. In the case of 2-hour swimming this is combined with a "stable" condition of the energy processes. When swimming is continued up to 5 hours there occurs a distinct disturbance of the balance of disintegration and resynthesis of the phosphate macroergs in the cardiac muscle. Administration of the corticosteroids under study against this background produced no significant influence on the character of the shifts in the electrolyte-energy metabolism, and failed to prevent the normal course of the restorative processes in the myocardium at the immediate period after the exercises.