A case of equine multicentric lymphoma: Clinical, microscopical, and molecular findings.

Background: Although relatively uncommon, lymphoma is the most prevalent haematopoietic neoplasia in horses, and multicentric lymphoma remains the most common presentation of the disease. The pathogenesis of equine lymphoma is still poorly understood and the diagnosis is usually confirmed at an advanced stage of the disease, compromising the prognosis. This study investigated the clinical, pathological, and molecular features of a case of equine multicentric lymphoma. Case Description: An apparently healthy 5-year-old crossbreed mare hospitalized at the Centre of Animal Reproduction of Vairão, Portugal, suddenly presented clinical signs of supraorbital oedema and mandibular lymph node enlargement, developing fever, facial oedema, and generalized lymphadenopathy. The mare ended up dying twenty-four days after the first clinical signs due to multisystem organ failure. Haematological and biochemical analyses, necropsy, and microscopic and molecular evaluation of affected tissues were performed. At necropsy, the main findings were multiple multinodular lesions, distributed along the serous surface of oropharynx, trachea, pericardium, gastrointestinal tract, and mesentery. Microscopically, these consisted of solid proliferations of neoplastic round cells that exhibited immunopositivity for CD3 (T cells). Based on these findings, a medium-grade multicentric T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. Conclusion: There is still very little research regarding the molecular characterization of lymphoma in horses. As an entity itself is quite heterogeneous, it is important to describe the interspecies particularities to understand its development and behaviour.

HPLC-MS/MS Phenolic Characterization of Olive Pomace Extracts Obtained Using an Innovative Mechanical Approach.

Olive pomace results from the production of olive oil. Even if olive pomace represents a potential environmental problem, it contains phenolic compounds, which are widely recognized for their beneficial properties for human health. In this study, an innovative and sustainable technological approach to extract phenolic compounds from fresh olive pomace, based on food-grade solvent instead of those usually adopted, is investigated. Characterization and shelf-life evaluation of the hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the procedure developed for different industrial purposes were also carried out. The phenolic fractions of the different samples were studied with the Folin-Ciocâlteu method to quantify that the total reducing molecules and HPLC-MS/MS analysis was used to define the profile through the identification and quantification of 42 compounds, belonging to five chemical families. Regarding shelf-life, the hydroalcoholic extract showed no significant reduction in phenolic content, for both instrumental evaluations, retaining most of the phenolic compounds present in the raw material; negative attributes were not perceived by sensory evaluation. Thus, these lab-scale results can be the starting point to develop a procedure that is suitable for a real olive mill, representing a valorization strategy in a circular economy and the perspective of new business models.

Method for lineage typing of epidemic Renibacterium salmoninarum in Chilean salmon farms.

Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) is the etiological agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), which significantly affects farmed and wild salmonids worldwide. Although the whole genome of Rs (~3.1 million nucleotides) is highly conserved, genomic epidemiology analyses have identified four sub-lineages from Chilean isolates. A total of 94 Rs genomes from the BIGSdb aquaculture database were aligned and compared using bioinformatics tools, identifying 2199 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spread along the genome. A detailed analysis of the distribution of the SNPs showed five local zones of a length in the range of 10-15 kbp that should be used to unambiguously identify a specific sub-lineage. Based on the Rs type strain DSM 20767T , we designed multiplex PCR primers that produce specific amplification products which were further sequenced by the Sanger method to obtain the genotype of the sub-lineage. For the genetic typing, we evaluated 27 Rs isolates recovered from BKD outbreaks from different fish species and regions of Chile. Based on the findings reported here, we propose the PCR approach as a valuable tool for the rapid and reliable studying of the relationships between Rs isolates and the different sub-lineages without requiring the sequencing of the entire genome.

Quality of Life in Women after Deep Endometriosis Surgery: Comparison with Spanish Standardized Values.

The quality of life (QoL) of women who have been surgically treated for endometriosis may be severely impaired. Therefore, QoL can be a determining factor in the recovery of these patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate if the QoL of women surgically treated for deep endometriosis differs from a healthy age-matched population from Catalonia (Spain) and to analyze the QoL of these women considering concomitant events. This is an observational cross-sectional study, where 112 women (between 18 and 48 years old), with endometriosis treated by surgery at Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid, Spain), were enrolled to assess the QoL using the second version of the 12-item short form (SF-12) questionnaire. The QoL in these women were tested against a reference population of healthy women using a standardized one-sample comparison method. In addition, the QoL was compared according to the pathophysiology and type of surgery. In women with endometriosis, the physical health component, but not mental health component, was positively correlated with age (r = 0.19; p-Value = 0.048). In addition, physical (20.3 ± 29.2) and social functions (29.7 ± 38.3) and the overall physical health component (37.8 ± 19.4) were significantly lower than the reference population. On the contrary, the body pain (64.1 ± 41.2), emotional role (62.5 ± 42.2), mental health (54.4 ± 26.0), vitality (59.3 ± 31.2), and the overall mental health component (59.4 ± 26.6) had significantly higher scores than the reference. The anatomical compartment of endometriosis, reintervention, bowel nodule resection, and fertility preservation did not show statistical differences in QoL. Women with deep endometriosis had worse physical and social functions, and the overall physical health, compared to the norm in Spanish women. Bodily pain, emotional role, vitality, and the overall mental health improved. These areas could be considered protective factors in this disease. Considering the importance of QoL in adjustments in mental and physical health, it would be necessary to improve these areas of QoL in women surgically treated for deep endometriosis.

Comparison of surgical and obstetric outcomes in women with uterine leiomyomas after laparoscopic vs. abdominal myomectomy: A single-center cohort study.

Our aim was to study the advantages, complications and obstetrical outcomes of laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) compared with abdominal myomectomy (AM). We conducted a retrospective cohort study at La Paz University Hospital that included LMs and AMs performed between 2012 and 2018, analyzing 254 myomectomies (142 AMs [55.7%] and 112 LMs [43.9%]). The mean number of fibroids was 1.8 ± 1.5 and 3 ± 2.9 for the LM and AM groups, respectively (p < 0.006). The mean size of the largest myoma was 7.6 cm ± 2.7 cm and 10.2 cm ± 5.4 cm for the LM and AM groups, respectively (p < 0.001). LMs were associated with longer surgical times (p < 0.001) and shorter hospitalizations (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in the intraoperative and postoperative complication rates (p = 0.075 and p = 0.285 for LM and AM, respectively). The subsequent pregnancy rate was higher for the LM group (30.8% vs. 16.8%, p = 0.009), with a vaginal delivery rate of 69% and no cases of uterine rupture.

Análisis cuantitativo, uso de Escala Braden por enfermería en el servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Santo Domingo / Quantitative analysis of the use of Braden Scale by nursing in the Internal Medicine service of the Hospital Santo Domingo

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, mediante un análisis cuantitativo, el uso y aplicación de la Escala de Braden por el personal de enfermería en pacientes de medicina interna del Hospital Santo Domingo, año 2018. Es un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo; la población total fue de 1017 pacientes con una muestra de 30 (12 masculinos y 18 feminas), ingresados al área de medicina interna del Hospital General Santo Domingo, provincia Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, de julio a agosto del 2018. Se les realizó una revisión de su historia clínica para conocer el puntaje que determinaba el riesgo de desarrollar úlceras por presión (UPP), según la valoración que recibieron mediante la escala. Durante la aplicación de la Escala de Braden, se pronosticó riesgo bajo a 15 pacientes, riesgo medio a 10 y riesgo alto a 5, quienes presentaron alteraciones neurológicas o enfermedades crónicas como: accidente cerebrovascular, diabetes mellitus, cirrosis hepática. Se concluye que el personal de enfermería no realiza una aplicación adecuada de la Escala de Braden ni desde el ingreso del paciente ni durante su reevaluación en el servicio de medicina interna, lo que trae consigo que la atención no se realice con la calidad requerida. Factor favorable para complicaciones como las UPP.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate, through a quantitative analysis, the use and application of the Braden Scale by the nursing staff in internal medicine patients of the Santo Domingo Hospital, year 2018. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study; The total population was 1017 patients with a sample of 30 (12 males and 18 females), admitted to the internal medicine area of the Santo Domingo General Hospital, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province, from July to August 2018. They underwent a review of their medical history to know the score that determined the risk of developing pressure ulcers (UPP), according to the assessment they received using the scale. During the application of the Braden Scale, low risk was predicted for 15 patients, medium risk for 10 and high risk for 5, who presented neurological disorders or chronic diseases such as: stroke, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis. It is concluded that the nursing staff does not carry out an adequate application of the Braden Scale, neither since the patient's admission nor during his reevaluation in the internal medicine service, which means that the care is not performed with the required quality. Favorable factor for complications such as UPP.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de uma análise quantitativa, o uso e a aplicação da Escala de Braden pela equipe de enfermagem em pacientes de medicina interna do Hospital Santo Domingo, ano de 2018. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo; A população total foi de 1017 pacientes, com uma amostra de 30 (12 homens e 18 mulheres), admitidos na área de medicina interna do Hospital Geral de Santo Domingo, província de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, de julho a agosto de 2018. Eles foram submetidos a uma revisão do histórico médico para conhecer o escore que determinou o risco de desenvolver úlceras por pressão (UPP), de acordo com a avaliação que receberam usando a escala. Durante a aplicação da Escala de Braden, foram previstos baixo risco para 15 pacientes, risco médio para 10 e alto risco para 5, que apresentavam distúrbios neurológicos ou doenças crônicas como: acidente vascular cerebral, diabetes mellitus, cirrose hepática. Conclui-se que a equipe de enfermagem não realiza uma aplicação adequada da Escala de Braden, nem desde a admissão do paciente nem durante sua reavaliação no serviço de medicina interna, o que significa que o cuidado não é realizado com a qualidade exigida. Fator favorável a complicações como UPP.

The role of size and protein shells in the toxicity to algal photosynthesis induced by ionic silver delivered from silver nanoparticles.

Because of their biocide properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are present in numerous consumer products. The biocidal properties of AgNPs are due to both the interactions between AgNP and cell membranes and the release of dissolved silver (Ag+). Recent studies emphasized the role of different nanoparticle coatings in complexing and storing Ag+. In this study, the availability of dissolved silver in the presence of algae was assessed for three AgNPs with different silver contents (59%, 34% and 7% of total Ag), silver core sizes and casein shell thicknesses. The impact of ionic silver on the photosynthetic yield of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was used as a proxy to estimate the amount of ionic silver toxically active during in vivo assays. The results showed that cysteine, a strong silver ligand, mitigated the toxicity of AgNPs in all cases, demonstrating the key role of Ag+ in this toxicity. The results showed that the AgNPs presenting an intermediate level of silver (34%) were 10 times more effective in terms of total mass (EC50 ten times smaller) than those presenting more (59%) or less (7%) silver. The higher toxicity was due to the higher release of Ag+ under biotic conditions due to the high surface/mass ratio of the nanoparticle silver core. Protein shells played a minor role in altering the availability of Ag+, probably acting as intermediate reservoirs. This study highlighted the utility of a very sensitive biological endpoint (i.e., algal photosynthesis) for the optimization of ionic silver delivery by nanomaterials.

Lack of Survival Benefit of Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy in Advanced Cervical Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The presence of positive para-aortic lymph nodes in advanced cervical cancer remains the most important prognostic factor for survival and also defines the treatment. Our aim was to define the influence of staging para-aortic lymphadenectomy in patients' survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of 74 patients with advanced cervical cancer (FIGO IIB-IVA) were reviewed. In 31 patients (41.9%), the assessment of lymph nodes was performed with imaging test (group 1) and in 43 (58.1%) within a surgical staging para-aortic lymphadenectomy (group 2). We compared both groups according to stage of disease, treatment, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The extended-field radiotherapy was performed in 44.2 and 19.4% of patients in surgical and imaging staging group, respectively (p = 0.045). The disease-free survival rate was 17.4 ± 17.4 months in group 1 and 14.4 ± 12.6 months in group 2 (p = 0.456). No differences in OS were found between these 2 groups (p = 0.676). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the higher diagnostic accuracy of surgical staging and the higher number of patient who received extended field radiotherapy, we did not find differences between the overall and PFS rates in both the studied groups. Further prospective study on a higher number of patients would be necessary.

Influence of an innovative and promising gas clarification process on the quality of stored extra virgin olive oils.

Filtration of extra virgin olive oil is a process that may improve preservation of the quality during storage. In the current study, different aliquots of extra virgin olive oils were subjected to filtration with a traditional filter press or an innovative patented alternative process of clarification by insufflating inert gas such as nitrogen and argon; all treated samples and, as control unfiltered ones, were stored for one year to evaluate the effects of these technologies on the quality of oil during shelf-life. Basic quality indexes, diglycerides, phenolics and volatiles, as well as the sensory characteristics of samples, were determined at 4 month intervals during storage. According to the volatile compounds, phenolics and sensory analysis, the novel technique had a beneficial effect on the storage of extra virgin olive oils; accordingly, this process could be exploited by the olive oil industry.

Characterization of antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties of canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) peptides.

Canary grass is used as traditional food for diabetes and hypertension treatment. The aim of this work is to characterize the biological activity of encrypted peptides released after gastrointestinal digestion of canary seed proteins. Canary peptides showed 43.5% inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and 73.5% inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. An isolated perfused rat heart system was used to evaluate the canary seed vasoactive effect. Nitric oxide (NO), a major vasodilator agent, was evaluated in the venous effluent from isolated perfused rat heart. Canary seed peptides (1 µg/mL) were able to induce the production of NO (12.24 µM) in amounts similar to those induced by captopril (CPT) and bradykinin (BK). These results show that encrypted peptides in canary seed have inhibitory activity against DPPIV and ACE, enzymes that are targets for diabetes and hypertension treatments.

Influence of technological processes on phenolic compounds, organic acids, furanic derivatives, and antioxidant activity of whole-lemon powder.

The healthy properties of citrus fruits have been attributed to ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds, mainly to flavonoids. Flavonoids are important phytonutrients because they have a wide range of biological effects that provide health-related properties. In this context, this study seeks to characterise the phenolic compounds in lemon and their stability in different drying processes (freeze-drying and vacuum-drying) and storage conditions (-18 and 50°C for 1 and 3months). A powerful high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to DAD and electrospray-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) method has been applied for the separation, identification, and quantification of 19 phenolic compounds and 4 organic acids. To our knowledge, two hydroxycinnamic acids have been identified for the first time in lemon. Folin-Ciocalteu was applied to determine total phenolic compounds and TEAC, FRAP, and ORAC were applied to determine the antioxidant capacity of lemon. Total phenolic content significantly differed in the samples analysed, vacuum-dried lemon showing the highest phenolic content, followed by freeze-dried lemon and, finally, vacuum-dried lemon stored at 50°C for 1 and 3months. The content in furanic compounds was determined to evaluate the heat damage in lemon and it was showed an increase with the thermal treatment because of the triggering of Maillard reaction. As exception of ORAC, antioxidant-capacity assays were not correlated to phenolic content by HPLC due to the formation of antioxidant compounds during Maillard reaction.

[Fetal complications and early neonatal outcomes on 147 triplets]. / Complicaciones fetales y resultados neonatales tempranos en 147 embarazos triples.

BACKGROUND: During the last ten years multiple pregnancies have been increased as a result of assisted reproduction techniques, increases of even 470% are published. Multiple pregnancies are related to a higher risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, as well as to increased use of health resources. OBJECTIVES: To review the fetal and perinatal early complications in triple pregnancies. PATIENTS AND METHOD: An observational and retrospective study of triple pregnancies followed up at the Obstetrics Department of La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, from January 2000 until May 2011. RESULTS: We reviewed the medical records of 147 triplets. The prevalence of triplets was 1 in 640 deliveries (0.15%). Among all, 79% were achieved using assisted reproductive techniques, 73% were obtained by means of in vitro fertilization. Regarding the pregnancy zigosity we found: 85% trichorionic triamniotic, 10% bichorionic triamniotic and 5% monochorionic tramniotic. Out of 402 fetuses, 35 (9%) had the following complications: 19(5%) growth retardation or oligohydramnios, nine (2%) intrauterine death, three (0.74%) postnatal death due to suspected chorioamnionitis, three (0.74%) major malformations and one case (0.24%) of twin to twin transfusion. The average duration of gestation was 33 weeks: 8% were born before 28 weeks of gestation, 30% between 28 and 32 weeks and 62% after 32 weeks. The mean birth weight was 1,906 +/- 400 g. In 29 cases (7%) arterial pH was less than 7.20. Any type of resuscitation was required by 60% of newborns and 47% were admitted to the intensive care unit. There were no significant differences in neonatal early outcomes among the first, second and third newborn. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity seems to be higher in triple pregnancies. Adverse neonatal outcomes are related to the high rate of severe prematurity.

Antioxidant activity evaluation of new dosage forms as vehicles for dehydrated vegetables.

A dehydrated vegetables mixture loaded in four pharmaceutical dosage forms as powder, effervescent granulate, sugar granulate and gumdrops were investigated for their antioxidant capacity using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging capacity assay, oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay and ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay. Total phenolic content of dehydrated vegetables powder mixture was also measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, so as to evaluate its contribution to their total antioxidant function. The effect of different temperatures on stability of these systems after 90 days storage was also evaluated. These formulations presented strong antioxidant properties and high phenolic content (279 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of sample) and thus could be potential rich sources of natural antioxidants. Antioxidant properties differed significantly among selected formulations (p < 0.05). Generally, the losses were lower in samples stored under refrigeration. To interpret the antioxidant properties a kinetic approach was performed. Degradation kinetics for the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity followed a zero-order function. Effervescent granulate was the formulation which underwent faster degradation. Contrary, sugar granulate and gumdrops were much more slowly. Time required to halve the initial amount of phenolic compounds was 589 ± 45 days for samples stored at 4 º C, and 312 ± 16 days for samples stored at room temperature. These developed dosage forms are new and innovative approach for vegetable intakes in population with special requirements providing an improvement in the administration of vegetables and fruits.

Maternal morbidity on 147 triplets: single institution experience.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of maternal complications in triple pregnancies. An additional objective was to study the relation between assisted reproductive techniques and maternal complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study on 147 triplets assisted at the Gynecology and Obstetrics department of La Paz University Hospital between 2000 and 2010. We analyzed the incidence of maternal complications and their relation to assisted reproductive techniques. RESULTS: One triplet was observed every 711 pregnancies. The most frequent maternal complications were spontaneous preterm labor (56%), premature rupture of membranes (28.9%), anemia (24.4%) and preeclampsia (20.4%). Triplets conceived by assisted reproductive techniques were significantly more likely to develop spontaneous preterm labor than spontaneous pregnancies (60% vs. 40%, respectively; p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Triplets have a very high risk of maternal complications such as preeclampsia. Moreover, the presence of spontaneous preterm labor is more frequent in triplets conceived by assisted reproductive techniques than in those spontaneously conceived.

Características clínicas y epidemiológicas del Sarcoma de Kaposi en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, periodo Enero 2000 a Diciembre 2009 / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Sarcoma of Kaposi in the National Hospital Dos de Mayo, January 2000 to December 2009

Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes diagnosticados de Sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo durante el periodo Enero 2000-Diciembre 2009. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, en el cual se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnostico clínico e histológico de SK durante el periodo de enero 2000 a Diciembre 2009. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio, se identificaron 52 pacientes con diagnóstico de SK confirmados por biopsia; 44 (84,6 por ciento) fueron varones, y 8 (15,4 por ciento) fueron mujeres, con una edad media de 38.02 años (DE±14.58), no habiendo diferencias significativas en la edad con respecto al sexo (p=0.368; IC 95 por ciento-23.06-9.51). 42 (80.0 por ciento) fueron de la variedad epidémica, 6 (11.5 por ciento) fueron de la presentación clásica, y 4 (7.7 por ciento) fueron de la variedad iatrogénica. Se atendieron 80,775 pacientes observándose una frecuencia de SK de 0.64x1000 pacientes diagnosticados durante la década de estudio. Además se identificaron 22,808 pacientes VIH(+) durante el periodo de estudio, de los cuales 41 pacientes fueron confirmados de SK, Se identificó que el SK epidémico se presentó con mayor frecuencia entre los 21 y 50 años, y el SK clásico entre los 51 y 81 años, siendo la media de edad para aquellos con SK clásico de 71.67 años y para aquellos diagnosticados de SK epidémico de 32.93 años (p=0.00; IC 32.16-45.31). Por otro lado la relación de mujeres/hombre para el SK epidémico fue de 9,5:1; y para el SK clásico la relación mujerlhombre fue 2:1. La lesiones que con más frecuencia se presentaron fueron las pápulas (28.8 por ciento), las máculas (26.9 por ciento), y los nódulos (23.1 por ciento). En el SK epidémico se presentaron en su mayoría lesiones tipo máculas (31 por ciento) y pápulas (26.2 por ciento); en el SK clásico la mayoría fueron lesiones tipo pápulas (33.3 por ciento) y nódulos (33.3 por ciento); el SK iatrogénico mostró en su mayoría fueron pápulas (50 por ciento). En la variedad SK clásico las lesiones se presentaron predominantemente en extremidades (100 por ciento). En la variedad SK epidémico las lesiones se presentaron predominantemente en extremidades (35.7 por ciento) y en tronco (33.3 por ciento).En la variedad SK iatrogénica las lesiones se presentaron exclusivamente en extremidades (75 por ciento) y cabeza (25 por ciento). Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio demuestra que se mantiene una alta incidencia de SK epidémico en nuestra serie, siendo predominante en grupos etáreos de jóvenes y adultos, con mayores casos en mujeres que en hombres, con un patrón multifocal y pleomórfico

Objective: To determine the clínical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma in the Dos de Mayo Hospital during the period January 2000-December 2009. Method: This is an observational descriptive study, which included all patients with clinical and histological diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma during the period from January 2000 to December 2009 Results: During the study period, we identified 52 patients with a diagnosis of KS confirmed by biopsy, 44 (84.6 per cent) were male, and 8 (15.4 per cent) were female, mean age 38.02 years (SD ±14.58), no significant differences in age with respect to sex (p=0.368, 95 per cent el -23.06-9.51). Forty-two (80.0 per cent) were of the variety epidemic, 6 (11.5 per cent) were of the classical presentation, and 4 (7.7 per cent) were iatrogenic variety. 80775 patients were treated SK and we observed incidence of 0.64 per 1000 patients diagnosed during the decade of study, and 0.52 x 1000 patients with epidemic KS. 22808 patients were identified, observed an incidence of epidemic KS of 1.84 x 1000 HIV+ patients diagnosed during the decade of study. SK was identified that the epidemic was present more frequentIy between 21 and 50, and SK Classic between 51 and 81 years, with the average age for those with Classical SK 71.67 years and for those diagnosis of SK Epidemic 32.93 years (p=0.00, el 32.16-45.31). On the other hand, the ratio of female / male for epidemic KS was 9.5:1, and for classic KS the female / male ratio was 2:1. The most common injuries presented were papules (28.8 per cent), macules (26.9 per cent), and nodules (23.1 per cent). In epidemic KS presented mostly macula-like lesions (31 per cent) and papules (26.2 per cent) in the most classic KS-like lesionswere papules (33.3 per cent) and nodules (33.3 per cent), as showed in iatrogenic KS Most were papules (50 percent). In the classic KS variety of lesions were predominantIy in the extremities (100 per cent).In the range epidemic KS lesions were predominantIy in the extremities (35.7 per cent) and trunk (33.3 per cent).In the variety iatrogenic lesions were predominantly in the extremities (75) and head (25 per cent). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates continued high incidence of epidemic KS in our series, being predominant in youth and adult group of age, with more cases in women than in men, with a multifocal and pleomorphic pattern

Phenolic-compound-extraction systems for fruit and vegetable samples.

This paper reviews the phenolic-compound-extraction systems used to analyse fruit and vegetable samples over the last 10 years. Phenolic compounds are naturally occurring antioxidants, usually found in fruits and vegetables. Sample preparation for analytical studies is necessary to determine the polyphenolic composition in these matrices. The most widely used extraction system is liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), which is an inexpensive method since it involves the use of organic solvents, but it requires long extraction times, giving rise to possible extract degradation. Likewise, solid-phase extraction (SPE) can be used in liquid samples. Modern techniques, which have been replacing conventional ones, include: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). These alternative techniques reduce considerably the use of solvents and accelerate the extraction process.

Antioxidant compounds of propolis determined by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.

Propolis is a resinous hive product rich in antioxidant compounds. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometric detection can provide selective information about the analytes present in complex extracts of propolis and has turned out to be an attractive alternative to HPLC methods. Therefore, a CE-ESI-MS method has been developed for the analysis of antioxidant compounds obtained from propolis. For this purpose, different electrophoretic parameters such as the nature, pH, and concentration of the separation buffer, as well as electrospray parameters (dry gas temperature and flow, nebulising gas pressure, and make-up flow) have been carefully optimised. Different phenolic compounds (e.g. pinobanksin 3-acetate, naringenin, pinocembrin, chrysin, daidzein, quercetin 3',7-dimethyl ether, apigenin, and kaempferid) could be detected. To confirm the identity of the phenolic compounds in propolis extracts, accurate mass data of the molecular ions were obtained by TOF MS. Limits of detection ranging from 6 mg/100 g of raw propolis for chrysin to 58 mg/ 100 g of raw propolis for luteolin, were obtained.

Effects of dietary soyabean meal, inulin and oxytetracycline on intestinal microbiota and epithelial cell stress, apoptosis and proliferation in the teleost Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).

Soyabean meal (SBM)-induced enteritis in the distal intestine of the teleost Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and other salmonids may be considered a model for diet-related mucosal disorders in other animals and man. The role of the intestinal microbiota in its pathogenesis was explored. Compared to diets containing fishmeal (FM) as the sole protein source, responses to extracted SBM or the prebiotic inulin, with or without oxytetracycline (OTC) inclusion, were studied following a 3-week feeding trial. Intestinal microbiota, organosomatic indices and histology, as well as immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and caspase-3-positive cells in the distal intestine, were studied. Distal intestine somatic indices (DISI) were higher in inulin and lower in SBM compared to FM-fed fish. The low DISI caused by SBM corresponded with histological changes, neither of which was affected by OTC, despite a significant decrease in adherent bacteria count. Image analysis of PCNA-stained sections showed a significant increase in the proliferative compartment length in SBM-fed fish, accompanied by apparent increases in reactivity to HSP70 and caspase-3 along the mucosal folds, indicating induction of cellular repair and apoptosis, respectively. Fish fed the SBM diet had higher total number as well as a more diverse population composition of adherent bacteria in the distal intestine. Thus SBM-induced enteritis is accompanied by induction of distal intestinal epithelial cell protective responses and changes in microbiota. Putative involvement of bacteria in the inflammatory response merits further investigation.