Estimación de la edad dental en radiografías panorámicas en niños y adolescentes de 7 a 17 años mediante el método de Demirjian, Cuenca ­ Ecuador / Estimation of dental age in panoramic radiographs in children and adoloescents from 7-17 years through Demirjian method, Cuenca ­ Ecuador

La edad es un indicador de maduración somática dental, de importancia clínica en Odontología para la planificación del tratamiento de pacientes en crecimiento. El método de Demirjian es el más ampliamente difundido para estimar la edad dental. Con este método se han realizado numerosos estudios en diferentes grupos étnicos, analizándose niños europeos, asiáticos y americanos, entre otros. Estos resultados sugieren posibles diferencias en los patrones de maduración dental entre las diferentes poblaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue correlacionar la edad dental, utilizando el método de Demirjian, con la edad cronológica de acuerdo al género en un grupo de niños que acudieron al Centro Radiológico "Innova" ubicado en Cuenca - Ecuador en el período 2012 ­ 2014, siendo este estudio de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y analítico, en donde se seleccionó una muestra estratificada por edad y genero incluyendo 362 radiografías, de las cuales 205 son de género femenino y 157 de género masculino. Se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación inter- clase, como medida de correlación entre edad dental y cronológica, de 0,830 en el género femenino y 0,801 en el género masculino. En general el método de Demirjian tendió a subestimar la edad dental en niñas y en niños de manera similar. En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo no coinciden con numerosos lugares del mundo, es decir la edad dental en este grupo fue levemente menor tanto en las niñas como en los niños que la muestra original franco ­ canadiense. El rango obtenido, de la edad dental no es similar a la edad cronológica pero el grado de correlación entre ambas es el adecuado para aplicar en nuestra población, presentándose de igual manera de acuerdo al género por lo que se elaboró una tabla estándar para la población Cuencana. Consideramos que el método de Demirjian es aplicable a esta muestra de niños utilizando la base de datos planteada en la presente investigación

Age is an indicator of dental somatic maturation, of clinical importance in dentistry for planning the treatment of growing patients. The Demirjian method is the most widely disseminated to estimate dental age. With this method, numerous studies have been carried out in different ethnic groups, analyzing European, Asian and American children, among others. These results suggest possible differences in dental maturation patterns between different populations. The aim of the present study was to correlate the dental age, using the Demirjian method, with the chronological age according to gender in a group of children who attended the Radiological Center "Innova" located in Cuenca-Ecuador in the period 2012 - 2014, This study was descriptive, retrospective and analytical, in which a sample stratified by age and gender was selected, including 362 radiographs, of which 205 are female and 157 male. An inter-class correlation coefficient was obtained, as a measure of correlation between dental and chronological age, of 0.830 in the female gender and 0.801 in the male gender. In general, Demirjian's method tended to underestimate dental age in girls and boys in a similar way. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present work do not coincide with many places in the world, that is, the dental age in this group was slightly lower in both girls and boys than the original Franco - Canadian sample. The obtained range of dental age is not similar to the chronological age but the degree of correlation between both is adequate to apply in our population, presenting itself in the same way according to gender, so a standard table for the population was elaborated Cuencana. We consider that the Demirjian method is applicable to this sample of children using the database proposed in the present investigation.

Influence of Eu(3+) doping content on antioxidant properties of Lu2O3 sol-gel derived nanoparticles.

This paper presents the synthesis of pure and europium-doped lutetium oxide (Lu2O3) powders prepared by sol-gel method. The influence of europium ion concentration into Lu2O3 nanocrystallites was investigated for first time in an in vitro system using a modified ABTS radical cation decolorization assay to determine the antioxidant activity. The crystalline structure of Lu2O3 and Eu:Lu2O3 powders was elucidated by XRD obtaining cubic phase in all system without secondary products in accordance with FT-IR results. By TEM and Scherrer equation, it was determined that Lu2O3 and Eu:Lu2O3 powders presented nearly spherical particle morphology with crystallites sizes in the range of 8 to 13nm. The antioxidant assays results revealed that europium ion enhance Lu2O3 powders antioxidant properties, showing that 12.5mol% of europium is sufficient to reach its maximum capacity.

Hysterectomy versus hysterectomy plus oophorectomy for premenopausal women.

Background Prophylactic oophorectomy alongside hysterectomy in premenopausal women is a common procedure. The decision to remove or conserve the ovaries is often based on the perceived risk for ovarian cancer and the need for additional gynaecological surgical interventions,and is weighed against the perceived risk of negative health effects caused by surgically induced menopause. The evidence needed to recommend either prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy or conservation of ovaries at the time of hysterectomy in premenopausal women is limited. This is an update of the original version of this systematic review published in 2008.Objectives To compare hysterectomy alone versus hysterectomy plus bilateral oophorectomy in women with benign gynaecological conditions,with respect to rates of mortality or subsequent gynaecological surgical interventions.Search methods We searched the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Trials Register (December 2005 to January 2014) and the following electronic databases: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 12), MEDLINE (January 1966 to January 2014),EMBASE (January 1985 to January 2014), and PsycINFO (1806 to January 2014).Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of hysterectomy alone versus hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women with benign gynaecological conditions were eligible. Any surgical approach could be used.Data collection and analysis Three review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion. Study authors were contacted if information was unclear.Main results Only one RCT comparing the benefits and risks of hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy was identified. The results of this pilot RCT have not been published and we have not been able to obtain the results. Therefore, no data could be included in this review. Authors' conclusions The conclusions of this review are limited by a lack of RCTs. Although no evidence is available from RCTs, there is growing evidence from observational studies that surgical menopause may impact negatively on cardiovascular health and all cause mortality.

Memoria Institucional 2010: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas / Institutional Memory 2010: National Institute of Neurological Sciences

La presente memoria institucional resume las actividades y los logros cumplidos durante el año 2010 presupuestal en los aspectos de inversión, ingresos, adquisiciones, servicios, indicadores, campañas de prevención y promoción de la salud, entre otros

Memoria Institucional 2010: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas / Institutional Memory 2010: National Institute of Neurological Sciences

La presente memoria institucional resume las actividades y los logros cumplidos durante el año 2010 presupuestal en los aspectos de inversión, ingresos, adquisiciones, servicios, indicadores, campañas de prevención y promoción de la salud, entre otros(AU)

LOST to follow-up Information in Trials (LOST-IT): a protocol on the potential impact.

BACKGROUND: Incomplete ascertainment of outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is likely to bias final study results if reasons for unavailability of patient data are associated with the outcome of interest. The primary objective of this study is to assess the potential impact of loss to follow-up on the estimates of treatment effect. The secondary objectives are to describe, for published RCTs, (1) the reporting of loss to follow-up information, (2) the analytic methods used for handling loss to follow-up information, and (3) the extent of reported loss to follow-up. METHODS: We will conduct a systematic review of reports of RCTs recently published in five top general medical journals. Eligible RCTs will demonstrate statistically significant effect estimates with respect to primary outcomes that are patient-important and expressed as binary data. Teams of 2 reviewers will independently determine eligibility and extract relevant information from each eligible trial using standardized, pre-piloted forms. To assess the potential impact of loss to follow-up on the estimates of treatment effect we will, for varying assumptions about the outcomes of participants lost to follow-up (LTFU), calculate (1) the percentage of RCTs that lose statistical significance and (2) the mean change in effect estimate across RCTs. The different assumptions we will test are the following: (1) none of the LTFU participants had the event; (2) all LTFU participants had the event; (3) all LTFU participants in the treatment group had the event; none of those in the control group had it (worst case scenario); (4) the event incidence among LTFU participants (relative to observed participants) increased, with a higher relative increase in the intervention group; and (5) the event incidence among LTFU participants (relative to observed participants) increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group. DISCUSSION: We aim to make our objectives and methods transparent. The results of this study may have important implications for both clinical trialists and users of the medical literature.

Hysterectomy versus hysterectomy plus oophorectomy for premenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic oophorectomy alongside hysterectomy in premenopausal women is common. The decision to remove or conserve the ovaries is often based on the perceived risk for ovarian cancer and the need for other additional gynaecological surgical interventions. The benefits or harms of prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy in premenopausal women are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether premenopausal women with hysterectomy without oophorectomy for benign gynaecological conditions versus hysterectomy plus bilateral oophorectomy would have a higher mortality rate and future gynaecological surgical interventions. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Trials Register (December 2005 to October 2007) and the following electronic databases: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 4), MEDLINE (January 1966 to October 2007), EMBASE (January 1985 to October 2007), LILACS (January 1982 to October 2007), Biological Abstracts (January 1968 to October 2007), NHS Economic Evaluation Database (inception to October 2007), Health Technology Assessment Database (inception to October 2007), and the Meta RCTs (inception to October 2007). Reference lists of relevant articles were also searched. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled and controlled trials of hysterectomy (using any surgical approach) without oophorectomy versus hysterectomy (using any surgical approach) with bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women with benign gynaecological conditions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, determined study quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted where information was unclear. MAIN RESULTS: Of the 119 studies identified, only one controlled trial was included. Therefore, a quantitative meta-analysis was not feasible. The results of this study (with two publications) including 362 women were summarised in a narrative format. No randomised controlled trials were found. Neither publication reported on the primary outcomes stated in this review. The trial showed evidence of very low quality of a positive effect on psychological well-being for both groups at one year follow up. No significant differences were found between the groups of women studied regarding any aspect of their sexuality. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The conclusions of this review are limited by the lack of data. More research of higher methodological quality is needed.