Consumo de agua, bebidas azucaradas y uso de bebederos en secundarias del Programa Nacional de Bebederos Escolares de la Ciudad de México / Plain water and sugar sweetened beverages intake and use of school drinking fountains in secondary schools of the National School Drinking Fountains Program in Mexico City

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir prácticas de consumo de bebidas y uso de bebederos escolares en estudiantes de secundarias del Programa Nacional de Bebederos Escolares (PNBE). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, con enfoque mixto en secundarias públicas (turnos matutino y vespertino). Se indagó el consumo de agua y bebidas azucaradas, utilización de bebederos escolares y barreras-facilitadores para el consumo de agua. Resultados. Se entrevistaron 617 estudiantes (11 a 16 años); 51.5% fueron hombres. El consumo promedio de agua (568.9 ml; IC95%: 470.7-667.1) y bebidas azucaradas (143.4 ml; IC95%:124.0-162.7) fue similar entre hombres y mujeres. En el turno matutino las mujeres presentaron una menor probabilidad de hacer uso de los bebederos en comparación con los hombres (p=0.032). Hombres y mujeres desconfían del agua de los bebederos. Conclusiones: Se requieren acciones integrales para favorecer el consumo de agua y el uso de los bebederos en las secundarias del PNBE.

Abstract: Objective: To describe beverages consumption practices, and school drinking fountains utilization among secondary school's students from National School Drinking Fountains Program (PNBE, Spanish acronym). Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with mixed methods in public secondary schools (morning and afternoon shifts). We estimated plain water and sugar sweetened beverages consumption, school drinking fountains utilization, and barriers-facilitators for plain water consumption. Results: We interviewed 617 students (11 to 16 y); 51.5% were men. The mean of plain water intake (568.9 ml; CI95%: 470.7-667.1), and sugar sweetened beverages (143.4 ml; CI95%:124.0-162.7) was similar among women and men. In the morning shift women had a lower probability of utilizing the school drinking fountains in comparison with men (p=0.032). Men and women have mistrust water that comes from school drinking fountains. Conclusions: Integral actions are necessary to favor plain water consumption, and utilization of school drinking fountains at PNBE secondary schools.

Consumo de agua, bebidas azucaradas y uso de bebederos en secundarias del Programa Nacional de Bebederos Escolares de la Ciudad de México.

Objetivo. Describir prácticas de consumo de bebidas y uso de bebederos escolares en estudiantes de secundarias del Programa Nacional de Bebederos Escolares (PNBE). Material y métodos. Estudio transversal descriptivo, con enfoque mixto en secundarias públicas (turnos matutino y vespertino). Se indagó el consumo de agua y bebidas azucaradas, utilización de bebederos escolares y barreras-facilitadores para el consumo de agua. Resultados. Se entrevistaron 617 estudiantes (11 a 16 años); 51.5% fueron hombres. El consumo promedio de agua (568.9 ml; IC95%: 470.7-667.1) y bebidas azucaradas (143.4 ml; IC95%:124.0-162.7) fue similar entre hombres y mujeres. En el turno matutino las mujeres presentaron una menor probabilidad de hacer uso de los bebederos en comparación con los hombres (p=0.032). Hombres y mujeres desconfían del agua de los bebederos. Conclusiones. Se requieren acciones integrales para favorecer el consumo de agua y el uso de los bebederos en las secundarias del PNBE.

Percepción del peso corporal y de la probabilidad de desarrollar obesidad en adultos mexicanos / Perception of body weight and of the probability of developing obesity in Mexican adults

Resumen: Objetivo: Documentar la percepción del peso corporal, las variables que se asocian con una percepción correcta de éste y la percepción de la probabilidad de desarrollar obesidad a corto plazo en población adulta mexicana. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron datos de los cuestionarios de percepción de obesidad, comportamiento alimentario y actividad física (POCAA), y de hogar y antropometría obtenidos en la Ensanut MC, durante mayo y octubre de 2016. Resultados: Más de 90% de la población tiende a subestimar su peso. El 32% de la población refirió que sería muy probable que desarrollara obesidad; más de 90% consideró que padecer obesidad es grave. El tener una percepción correcta del peso corporal y tener sobrepeso u obesidad por IMC se relacionaron con la percepción de desarrollar obesidad a corto plazo. Conclusión: Resulta cada vez más relevante que los individuos, independientemente del estado de su peso, tengan una percepción precisa de su cuerpo y las consecuencias del sobrepeso en su salud.

Abstract: Objective: To document the perception of body weight, the variables that are associated with a correct perception of it and with the perception about the probability of developing obesity at short-term in Mexican adult population. Materials and methods: We used data from the Perception of obsesity, eating behavior and physical activity questionnaire (POCAA, by its Spanish acronym), as well as household and anthropometric measurements obtained at Ensanut MC during May and October of 2016. Results: More than 90% of the population tend to underestimate their weight; 32% of the population said that they would be very likely to develop obesity at short-term; more than 90% considered that suffering from obesity is very serious. Having a correct perception of body weight and being overweight or obese by BMI, were positively related to the perception of developing obesity at short-term. Conclusion: It is very relevant that individuals, regardless of the state of their weight, have an accurate perception of their body and the consequences to their health.

Conocimiento y nivel de comprensión de la campaña Chécate, Mídete, Muévete en adultos mexicanos / Knowledge and level of understanding of the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign in Mexican adults

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento, nivel de comprensión y características asociadas con la población adulta mexicana en relación con la campaña Chécate, Mídete, Muévete. Material y métodos: A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016, se obtuvo información sobre el conocimiento y comprensión del logotipo y mensajes que apoyan la campaña Chécate, Mídete, Muévete. Para identificar las características asociadas, se probaron modelos de regresión logística y lineal para presentar los contrastes de efectos por variable. Resultados: El 11% de los adultos conoce la campaña; 31% tuvo una alta comprensión y 1% no la comprendió en absoluto. Sexo, escolaridad, servicio de salud y sobrepeso u obesidad se asocian con el conocimiento de la campaña; para la comprensión, las características asociadas fueron edad, escolaridad y nivel socioeconómico. Conclusión: Estos resultados contribuyen a retroalimentar uno de los esfuerzos por controlar la epidemia de sobrepeso, obesidad y diabetes en México.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and comprehension level of the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign and its associated characteristics in Mexican adult population. Materials and methods: Based on the Mexican Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016, we obtained information about the knowledge and comprehension of the logo and messages that support the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign. To identify the associated characteristics, we proved logistic and linear regression models and the variable contrast effects are shown. Results: 11% of the interviewed adults knew the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign, 31% had a high comprehension of it and 1% did not comprehend it at all. The associated characteristics with knowledge were gender, scholarship, health service and overweight or obesity. Age, scholarship and socioeconomic status were associated to comprehension. Conclusion: These results provide new information about one of the Mexican efforts to control the overweight, obesity and diabetes epidemic.

[Perception of body weight and of the probability of developing obesity in Mexican adults]. / Percepción del peso corporal y la probabilidad de desarrollar obesidad en adultos mexicanos.

OBJECTIVE: To document the perception of body weight, the variables that are associated with a correct perception of it and with the perception about the probability of developing obesity at short-term in Mexican adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used data from the Perception of obsesity, eating behavior and physical activity questionnaire (POCAA, by its Spanish acronym), as well as household and anthropometric measurements obtained at Ensanut MC during May and October of 2016. RESULTS: More than 90% of the population tend to underestimate their weight; 32% of the population said that they would be very likely to develop obesity at short-term; more than 90% considered that suffering from obesity is very serious. Having a correct perception of body weight and being overweight or obese by BMI, were positively related to the perception of developing obesity at short-term. CONCLUSIONS: It is very relevant that individuals, regardless of the state of their weight, have an accurate perception of their body and the consequences to their health.

OBJETIVO: Documentar la percepción del peso corporal, las variables que se asocian con una percepción correcta de éste y la percepción de la probabilidad de desarrollar obesidad a corto plazo en población adulta mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron datos de los cuestionarios de percepción de obesidad, comportamiento alimentario y actividad física (POCAA), y de hogar y antropometría obtenidos en la Ensanut MC, durante mayo y octubre de 2016. RESULTADOS: Más de 90% de la población tiende a subestimar su peso. El 32% de la población refirió que sería muy probable que desarrollara obesidad; más de 90% consideró que padecer obesidad es grave. El tener una percepción correcta del peso corporal y tener sobrepeso u obesidad por IMC se relacionaron con la percepción de desarrollar obesidad a corto plazo. CONCLUSIONES: Resulta cada vez más relevante que los individuos, independientemente del estado de su peso, tengan una percepción precisa de su cuerpo y las consecuencias del sobrepeso en su salud.

[Knowledge and level of understanding of the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign in Mexican adults.] / Conocimiento y nivel de comprensión de la campaña Chécate, Mídete, Muévete en adultos mexicanos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge and comprehension level of the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign and its associ¬ated characteristics in Mexican adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the Mexican Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016, we obtained information about the knowledge and comprehension of the logo and messages that support the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign. To identify the associated characteristics, we proved logistic and linear regression models and the variable contrast ef¬fects are shown. RESULTS: 11% of the interviewed adults knew the Chécate, Mídete, Muévete campaign, 31% had a high comprehension of it and 1% did not comprehend it at all. The associated characteristics with knowledge were gender, scholarship, health service and overweight or obesity. Age, scholarship and socioeconomic status were associated to comprehension. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide new information about one of the Mexican efforts to control the overweight, obesity and diabetes epidemic.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el conocimiento, nivel de comprensión y características asociadas con la población adulta mexicana en relación con la campaña Chécate, Mídete, Muévete. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016, se obtuvo información sobre el conocimiento y comprensión del logotipo y men­sajes que apoyan la campaña Chécate, Mídete, Muévete. Para identificar las características asociadas, se probaron modelos de regresión logística y lineal para presentar los contrastes de efectos por variable. RESULTADOS: El 11% de los adultos conoce la campaña; 31% tuvo una alta comprensión y 1% no la comprendió en absoluto. Sexo, escolaridad, servicio de salud y sobrepeso u obesidad se asocian con el conocimiento de la campaña; para la comprensión, las características asociadas fueron edad, escolaridad y nivel socioeconómico. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados contribuyen a retroalimentar uno de los esfuerzos por controlar la epidemia de sobrepeso, obesidad y diabetes en México.

Development of an educational intervention to promote healthy eating and physical activity in Mexican school-age children.

Mexico has the highest and most alarming rates of childhood obesity worldwide. A study conducted in the State of Mexico revealed that one of every three children presents overweight or obesity. The objective of this paper is to provide a step-by-step description of the design and implementation of an educational intervention to promote healthy eating and physical activity called "Healthy Recess". The educational intervention was designed using the six stages of the Health Communication Process. This methodological model allowed identifying the needs of school-age children on information and participation in activities. In order to improve the strategy, adjustments were made to the print and audiovisual materials as well as to assessment tools. Typography was modified as well as the color of the images in student's workbook and facilitator's; special effects of the videos were increased; the narration of the radio spots was improved and common words and phrases were included. The Health Communication Process is an effective tool for program planners to design interventions aimed at managing prevalent health problems such as overweight and obesity in school-age children.

Effects of an intervention strategy for school children aimed at reducing overweight and obesity within the State of Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the intervention effect of the "Nutrition on the Go" strategy on the prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW+O), according to the role played by different patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pattern Groups (PG) were determined based on schools' food availability and other variables at individual level: nutrition knowledge, physical activity, socioeconomic level and self-efficacy, using an ecological approach. The PG classification was achieved using Ward's cluster method. RESULTS: The prevalence of OW+O was higher in PGI (intermediate food availability and high socioeconomic index [SEI]) compared to PG 2 (high availability of food and lower SEI) and PG 3 (low availability of food and medium SEI) with a lower prevalence (p<0.00I). The PG-intervention interaction showed differences for PG 3 (p=0.066), the stage-PG interaction showed differences between PGs I and 3 (p=0.014) and between PGs 2 and 3 (p=0.055). CONCLUSIONS: Differences between PGs have important implications for the prevalence of OW+O.

Effects of an intervention strategy for school children aimed at reducing overweight and obesity within the State of Mexico / Efecto de una intervención en escolares del Estado de México para reducir el sobrepeso y la obesidad

Objective. This study explored the intervention effect of the "Nutrition on the Go" strategy on the prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW+O), according to the role played by different patterns. Materials and methods. Pattern Groups (PG) were determined based on schools' food availability and other variables at individual level: nutrition knowledge, physical activity, socioeconomic level and self-efficacy, using an ecological approach. The PG classification was achieved using Ward's cluster method. Results. The prevalence of OW+O was higher in PGI (intermediate food availability and high socioeconomic index [SEI]) compared to PG 2 (high availability of food and lower SEI) and PG 3 (low availability of food and medium SEI) with a lower prevalence (p<0.00I). The PG-intervention interaction showed differences for PG 3 (p=0.066), the stage-PG interaction showed differences between PGs I and 3 (p=0.014) and between PGs 2 and 3 (p=0.055). Conclusions. Differences between PGs have important implications for the prevalence of OW+O.

Objetivo. Explorar el efecto de la intervención "Nutrición en movimiento" en el sobrepeso y obesidad (SO+O) en escolares, de acuerdo con diferentes patrones. Material y métodos. Los grupos de patrones (GP) fueron determinados con base en alimentos disponibles en la escuela y variables de conocimientos, actividad física, nivel socioeconómico y autoeficacia a nivel individual, usando un enfoque ecológico. La clasificación en GP se construyó por conglomerados con el método de Ward. Resultados. La prevalencia de SO+O fue mayor en el GP I (mediana disponibilidad de alimentos e índice socioeconómico [ISE] alto), más baja en los GP 2 (alta disponibilidad de alimentos e ISE bajo) y 3 (baja disponibilidad de alimentos e ISE medio) (p<0.00I). La interacción entre GP e intervención muestra diferencias para GP 3 (p=0.066), la interacción GP con etapa mostró diferencias entre GP I contra 3 (p=0.014) y 2 contra 3 (p=0.055). Conclusiones. Diferencias en GP tienen implicaciones importantes en la prevalencia de SO+O.

Effectiveness of a diet and physical activity promotion strategy on the prevention of obesity in Mexican school children.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity in children in Mexico was among the countries with the highest prevalence's in the world. Mexico currently has few innovative and comprehensive experiences to help curb the growth of this serious public health problem. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a nutrition and physical activity strategy, called "Nutrition on the Go" ("nutrición en movimiento") in maintaining the BMI values of school children in the State of Mexico. METHODS: A two-stage cluster trial was carried out. Sixty schools were selected in the State of Mexico, of which 30 were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) and 30 to the control group (CG). A total of 1020 fifth grade school children participated. The intervention strategy aimed to decrease the energy content of school breakfasts and include fruits and vegetables, as well as increase physical activity and the consumption of water during the time spent at school. The strategy was implemented over a 6-month period. RESULTS: The estimated probability (EP) of obesity between baseline and the final stage for the IG decreased 1% (Initial EP = 11.8%, 95%CI 9.0, 15.2, final EP = 10.8, 95%CI 8.4, 13.) For the CG, the probability increased 0.9% (baseline EP = 10.6%; 95%CI 8.1, 13.7; final EP = 11.5, 95%CI 9.0, 14.6). The interaction between the intervention and the stage is the average odd time corrected treatment effect, which is statistically significant (p = 0.01) (OR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.52, 091).This represents the interaction between intervention and stage, which is highly significant (p = 0.01) (OR = 0.68; 95%CI 0.52, 091). In addition, girls had a protective effect on obesity (OR = 0.56; 95%CI 0.39, 0.80). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention strategy is effective in maintaining the BMI of school children.