Are Children Barriers to the Gender Revolution? International Comparisons.

Children seem to present a barrier to the gender revolution in that parents are more likely to divide paid and domestic work along traditional gender lines than childless couples are. However, the extent to which this is so varies between countries and over time. We used data on 35 countries from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme to identify the contexts in which parents and non-parents differ the most in their division of labour. In Central/South America, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Asia, and South Africa, labour sharing configurations did not vary as much with the presence of children as in Australia, Western Europe, North America, and Northern Europe. Our multilevel models helped explain this pattern by showing that children seem to present a greater barrier to the gender revolution in richer and, surprisingly, more gender equal countries. However, the relationship between children and couples' division of labour can be thought of as curvilinear, first increasing as societies progress, but then weakening if societies respond with policies that promote men's involvement at home. In particular, having a portion of parental leave reserved for fathers reduces the extent to which children are associated with traditional labour sharing in the domestic sphere.

Maternal union instability and childhood mortality risk in the Global South, 2010-14.

Efforts to improve child survival in lower-income countries typically focus on fundamental factors such as economic resources and infrastructure provision, even though research from post-industrial countries confirms that family instability has important health consequences. We tested the association between maternal union instability and children's mortality risk in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia using children's actual experience of mortality (discrete-time probit hazard models) as well as their experience of untreated morbidity (probit regression). Children of divorced/separated mothers experience compromised survival chances, but children of mothers who have never been in a union generally do not. Among children of partnered women, those whose mothers have experienced prior union transitions have a higher mortality risk. Targeting children of mothers who have experienced union instability-regardless of current union status-may augment ongoing efforts to reduce childhood mortality, especially in Africa and Latin America where union transitions are common.

Consecuencias del embarazo adolescente en el estado civil de la madre joven: estudio piloto en Bogotá, Colombia / Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy on the Mother’s Marital Status: A Pilot Study in Bogotá, Colombia

El embarazo en las mujeres adolescentes constituye un fenómeno de interés actual. Es un hecho sociodemográfico acompañado de consecuencias importantes como el cambio de estado civil. Se plantea un estudio de tipo transversal retrospectivo descriptivo en el cual se entrevistaron 15 mujeres que fueron madres adolescentes en hospitales de Bogotá y externas. Se obtuvo información del estado civil anterior, durante, después del nacimiento del primer hijo y el actual, se observó que predomina el estado civil soltero antes de dar a luz al primer hijo. Durante el embarazo, alrededor del 40 por ciento de las entrevistadas optaron por la unión libre o el matrimonio legal. Después del nacimiento del primer hijo un 53 por ciento de las mujeres estaban con su pareja; actualmente, de las 15 entrevistadas el 60 por ciento están unidas, 33 por ciento permanecen solteras, y una minoría se encuentra separada (6,6 por ciento ). Adicionalmente, se observó que las uniones en adolescentes son en su mayoría a largo plazo, con estabilidad conyugal. El mayor porcentaje de estas uniones formales se da en estratos altos, donde el matrimonio religioso es la primera opción de unión seguida de la unión libre, mientras que el madresolterismo predomina en estratos bajos. Igualmente, se recomienda que un embarazo adolescente no debe ser sinónimo de unión; las partes deben estar totalmente seguras, y tener la suficiente madurez mental y emocional para decidir con quién deben y, por supuesto, quieran unirse, pensando en que también está en juego el futuro de su hijo.