RESUMO
Stress is a public health disease that is increasing rapidly in the population worldwide, so it is necessary to take measures for detection and evaluation, through short scales. The purpose of the study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in a sample made up of 752 people with an age range of 18 to 62 years (M = 30.18, DE = 10.175), of whom 44% (331) were women and 56% (421) men, from Lima, Peru. The results, by means of confirmatory factor analysis and the Rasch model, confirmed the global adjustment of a 12-item (PSS-12) version with the presence of two orthogonal factors independent of each other, and also demonstrated the metric equivalence according to gender and adequate internal consistency. These results allow us to recommend the use of the PSS-12 in the Peruvian population for the measurement of stress.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: A new instrument was designed to measure attitudes towards intellectual disability in the workplace. This tool provides the opportunity to identify underlying cognitive and emotional patterns that may influence people's interaction and performance in such environments. Objective: To construct, validate, and ensure the reliability of a scale measuring attitudes towards intellectual disability, establishing its suitability in labor inclusion programs. Method: A psychometric design was used that incorporated qualitative techniques, such as focus groups and cognitive interviews, in the instrument construction phase. The content validation of the items involved the participation of 15 experts in the field, which resulted in a reduced version with 10 items distributed in two dimensions: Perception and Social Distance. Subsequently, both the validity of the internal structure and the reliability of the instrument were evaluated in a sample of 255 individuals, composed of 35% (n=88) women and 66% (n=167) men. Result: The third-factor model evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was the one that demonstrated excellent fit indices (CFI= .991; TLI=.988; RMSEA= .076; SRMR =.038), with an adequate inter-factor correlation (0.82) and adequate consistency coefficients (α=0.825; ω=0.916). Conclusion: A tool of invaluable value is presented for planning public health programs aimed at reducing stigma and promoting the socio-labor inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities.
RESUMEN Introducción: Se diseñó un nuevo instrumento para medir las actitudes hacia la discapacidad intelectual en el lugar de trabajo. Esta herramienta brinda la oportunidad de identificar patrones cognitivos y emocionales subyacentes que pueden influir en la interacción y el desempeño de las personas en dichos entornos. Objetivo: Construir, validar y asegurar la fiabilidad de una escala que mide las actitudes hacia la discapacidad intelectual, estableciendo su idoneidad en programas de inclusión laboral. Método: Se utilizó un diseño psicométrico que incorporó técnicas cualitativas, como grupos focales y entrevistas cognitivas, en la fase de construcción del instrumento. La validación de contenido de los ítems contó con la participación de 15 expertos en la materia, lo que resultó en una versión reducida con 10 ítems distribuidos en dos dimensiones: Percepción y Distancia Social. Posteriormente, se evaluó tanto la validez de la estructura interna como la confiabilidad del instrumento en una muestra de 255 individuos, compuesta por 35% (n=88) mujeres y 66% (n=167) hombres. Resultados: El tercer modelo factorial evaluado con análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) fue el que demostró excelentes índices de ajuste (CFI= .991; TLI=.988; RMSEA= .076; SRMR =.038), con una adecuada correlación interfactorial (0.82). y coeficientes de consistencia adecuados (α=0,825; ω=0,916). Conclusión: Se presenta una herramienta de invaluable valor para la planificación de programas de salud pública dirigidos a reducir el estigma y promover la inclusión sociolaboral de personas con discapacidad intelectual.
