Pro-, antioxidant and rheologic studies in the blood of type 2 diabetic patients.

This study was conducted on type 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) cases and healthy blood donors. Lipid peroxidation (LP) products in plasma and red blood cell (RBC) hemolysates were estimated as total thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TTBARS). The plasma and hemolysate reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) levels are compared. In the hemolysates the antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx-ase), glutathione reductase (GR-ase) and catalase (C-ase) are also compared. The RBC filtration characteristics are determined and compared with controls: 1. LP and GSH in diabetic plasma were significantly higher, but in the hemolysate the GSH raised but the LP was significantly lower in diabetics than in healthy controls. 2. Superoxide dismutase and C-ase were significantly higher in NIDDM hemolysate. Contrary the GPx-ase activity was significantly lower in diabetics. 3. The diabetic RBCs filtration characteristics are changed in respects significantly namely the Fi was lower, the Tc and CR were higher. It means higher rigidity and oxidative damage of the membrane of diabetic RBCs.

[Conflicts between parenteral expectations and children's needs in child guidance clinics]. / Konflikte zwischen elterlichen Ansprüchen und kindlichen Bedürfnissen in den Hilfen zur Erziehung.

The central question of this article is whether the Law for Children and Youth Aid (Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetz KJHG) from 1991 is justly accused of being more a Law for Parent Aid than a law in keeping with the times which also does justice to the problems and needs of children. The article especially pursues the question whether the legislator of the KJHG considers the precarious balance of a conflict between parental rights and children's welfare as required by the constitution. Whether the child's welfare is endangered in an individual case and which strategies to limit further dangers are promising can often only be answered in an interdisciplinary manner; competencies from child psychologists and child psychiatrists should be utilized more extensively to determine problems and find decisions in youth care.

[The effect of hemodialysis, using acetate and bicarbonate, on erythrocyte deformability]. / Acetátos és bikarbonátos oldattal történö haemodialysis hatása a vörösvérsejt deformálódási képességére.

The red blood cell filtration parameters were examined in 82 patients with chronic renal failure and 50 healthy controls. The most expressed decrease in deformability was observed in uremic patients who had not been haemodialysed; the values nearest to the healthy ones were observed in transplanted patients. The deformability was considerably improved after haemodialysis, especially when acetate-containing dialyzing solution was applied.

Hyperlipemia and hyperlipoproteinemia [HLP] screening among the children from premature myocardial infarction risk families.

Serum lipids and lipoproteins were investigated in the premature myocardial infarction (PMI) risk families before 45 years of age with the aid of screening for hyperlipemia and hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP): in the case of 174 persons from Csongrád County from the Departments of Internal Medicine I and II and of 42 patients (fathers) suffering from PMI and their 79 "high risk" children from Heves County. In the investigated three groups of "high risk" children the genetically determined antiatherogenic HDL-Ch level diminished in 34.8, 52.3, 40.5 per cent. Significant negative correlation was detected between the serum HDL-Ch and beta-lipoprotein; significant positive correlations were found between the HDL-Ch and the serum lipase activity; between the beta-lipoprotein and the phospholipid level; significant negative correlation was proved between the HDL-Ch and the phospholipid level in the group of PMI patients and their offsprings. The Ch/Tg, and the HDL-Ch ratios were significantly diminished in the PMI patients' group against the risk children' group, while the Ch/HDL-Ch rate was significantly elevated.

Variation in some enzymes in amniotic fluid and maternal serum during pregnancy.

The following 10 enzymes were assayed in 187 amniotic fluid and maternal serum samples at 15-42 weeks of gestation: alkaline phosphatase, heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (only in amniotic fluid), acid phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha-amylase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lysozyme. The normal reference ranges are reported for amniotic fluid and maternal serum enzymes, together with the abnormal values accompanying neural tube defects and EPH-gestosis. The determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase, heat-stable alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase was found to be of appreciable diagnostic significance in clinical practice.

Fibronectin determination in pregnancy.

The levels of fibronectin were determined by immunoturbidimetric assay in two populations: (a) plasma of healthy nonpregnant and pregnant women, and in amniotic fluid of healthy pregnant females; (b) plasma of umbilical cord blood of healthy newborns and of newborns with sepsis. Fibronectin concentrations of amniotic fluid showed a significant decrease during pregnancy, but the changes of plasma fibronectin levels were not significant in this period. In newborn sepsis, the levels of plasma fibronectin were significantly decreased. We did not find a significant difference between the fibronectin concentration of umbilical cord blood of premature infants compared to mature infants.

Normal lipid values (cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol) for children in a rural area of Hungary. A screening program.

Screening for serum total cholesterol (Ch), triglyceride (Tg) and HDL-Ch levels was performed in 3 Hungarian rural areas among 3-14-year-old children, divided into three groups: 3-6, 6-10 and 10-14-year-old, respectively. The mean levels as well as the 85, 90 and 95 percentile values of the investigated lipids are given. The serum HDL-Ch levels were very low in all three groups: 0.96 mmol/l in group I. (3-6 years), 0.99 mmol/l in group II. (6-10 years) and 1.04 mmol/l in the group III. (10-14 years). We did not found any correlation between the age and lipid parameters of the children. Significant positive correlation was detected between the serum Ch and HDL-Ch levels, and a significant negative correlation was observed between the serum Tg and HDL-Ch concentrations. Our data represent the normal lipid values (Ch, Tg, HDL-cholesterol) for 3-14-year-old children, living in rural area.

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in human urine.

The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2) activity of the urine was determined in 369 cases, with L-gamma-glutamyl-p-nitranilide as substrate. Thermally stable, low molecular mass inhibitors were removed by dialysis. The enzyme activity was found to have a mean of 10.57 U/l for the normal neonate population, and a mean of 16.92 U/l for children. A significant increase in activity was observed in pyelonephritis, Alport's syndrome, Wilms' tumour and glomerulopathies. The highest activities were found in kidney diseases associated with renal insufficiency. This non-invasive test can be used for the evaluation of tubular disorders in childhood.