Relations between bedtime parenting behaviors and temperament across 14 cultures.

Objectives: The present study examined parental sleep-supporting practices during toddlerhood in relation to temperament across 14 cultures. We hypothesized that passive sleep-supporting techniques (e.g., talking, cuddling), but not active techniques (e.g., walking, doing an activity together), would be associated with less challenging temperament profiles: higher Surgency (SUR) and Effortful Control (EC) and lower Negative Emotionality (NE), with fine-grained dimensions exhibiting relationships consistent with their overarching factors (e.g., parallel passive sleep-supporting approach effects for dimensions of NE). Methods: Caregivers (N = 841) across 14 cultures (M = 61 families per site) reported toddler (between 17 and 40 months of age; 52% male) temperament and sleep-supporting activities. Utilizing linear multilevel regression models and group-mean centering procedures, we assessed the role of between- and within-cultural variance in sleep-supporting practices in relation to temperament. Results: Both within-and between-culture differences in passive sleep-supporting techniques were associated with temperament attributes, (e.g., lower NE at the between-culture level; higher within-culture EC). For active techniques only within-culture effects were significant (e.g., demonstrating a positive association with NE). Adding sleep-supporting behaviors to the regression models accounted for significantly more between-culture temperament variance than child age and gender alone. Conclusion: Hypotheses were largely supported. Findings suggest parental sleep practices could be potential targets for interventions to mitigate risk posed by challenging temperament profiles (e.g., reducing active techniques that are associated with greater distress proneness and NE).

Evaluation of an educational intervention (edworkcases) involving clinical cases and Nursing students: a cross-sectional observational study.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the impact of the (edworkcases) educational intervention on students' evaluation outcomes in their clinical practices, their attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses, and their satisfaction. METHOD: this study used a cross-sectional observational design. The participants were 69 third-year Nursing students from a public university in Madrid, Spain. The data analysed in the study were the grades obtained by students for their clinical practices, as well as pre-post intervention scores on the Positions on Nursing Diagnosis Scale and a satisfaction survey. A means comparison by participation in the project (yes/no) was carried out using Student's t-test. A means comparison by professor was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: participation rate: 72.4%; 92% of the participants were women; median age = 21 years old. Statistically significant differences were found between participants and non-participants in terms of mean score in the Overall Evaluation and in the Case Study Evaluation, with higher scores found among the group of participants. The mean score for attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses was 99.9 (SD=2.8) before the intervention and 111.1 (SD=2.9) after the intervention [95% CI: 3.3-19.2]. CONCLUSION: the use of (edworkcases) as part of the practical training was considered satisfactory, enabling theory and practice to be combined and improving students' attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses.

Evaluation of an educational intervention (edworkcases) involving clinical cases and Nursing students: a cross-sectional observational study / Avaliação de uma intervenção educacional (edworkcases) envolvendo casos clínicos e estudantes de Enfermagem: um estudo observacional transversal / Evaluación de una intervención educativa (edworkcases) que involucra casos clínicos y estudiantes de Enfermería: estudio transversal y observacional

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the impact of the (edworkcases) educational intervention on students' evaluation outcomes in their clinical practices, their attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses, and their satisfaction. Method: this study used a cross-sectional observational design. The participants were 69 third-year Nursing students from a public university in Madrid, Spain. The data analysed in the study were the grades obtained by students for their clinical practices, as well as pre-post intervention scores on the Positions on Nursing Diagnosis Scale and a satisfaction survey. A means comparison by participation in the project (yes/no) was carried out using Student's t-test. A means comparison by professor was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: participation rate: 72.4%; 92% of the participants were women; median age = 21 years old. Statistically significant differences were found between participants and non-participants in terms of mean score in the Overall Evaluation and in the Case Study Evaluation, with higher scores found among the group of participants. The mean score for attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses was 99.9 (SD=2.8) before the intervention and 111.1 (SD=2.9) after the intervention [95% CI: 3.3-19.2]. Conclusion: the use of (edworkcases) as part of the practical training was considered satisfactory, enabling theory and practice to be combined and improving students' attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da intervenção educacional (edworkcases) nos resultados da avaliação dos alunos em suas práticas clínicas, suas atitudes em relação aos diagnósticos de Enfermagem e sua satisfação. Método: estudo observacional transversal, realizado com 69 estudantes do terceiro ano de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública de Madri, Espanha. Os dados analisados foram obtidos das notas dos alunos em suas práticas clínicas, bem como, os escores pré- e pós-intervenção na Escala de Posições frente ao Diagnóstico de Enfermagem e uma pesquisa de satisfação. A comparação de médias por participação no projeto (sim/não) foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student. A comparação de médias por professor foi realizada por meio de testes de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: taxa de participação: 72,4%; 92% dos participantes eram mulheres; mediana de idade de 21 anos. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre participantes e não participantes em termos de pontuação média na Avaliação Geral e na Avaliação do Estudo de Caso, com maiores pontuações encontradas entre o grupo de participantes. A pontuação média das atitudes em relação aos diagnósticos de Enfermagem foi de 99,9 (DP=2,8) antes da intervenção e 111,1 (DP=2,9) após a intervenção [IC 95%: 3,3-19,2]. Conclusão: a utilização de edworkcases como parte do treinamento prático foi considerada satisfatória, permitindo a articulação teoria e prática e melhorando as atitudes dos alunos em relação aos diagnósticos de Enfermagem.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la intervención educativa (edworkcases) sobre los resultados de la evaluación de los estudiantes en sus prácticas clínicas, sus actitudes hacia los diagnósticos de Enfermería y su nivel de satisfacción. Método: en este estudio se empleó un diseño transversal y observacional. Los participantes fueron 68 estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de Enfermería de una universidad pública de Madrid, España. Los datos que se analizaron en el estudio fueron las calificaciones obtenidas por los estudiantes en sus prácticas clínicas, al igual que las puntuaciones antes y después de la intervención en la Escala de Posicionamiento ante el Diagnóstico de Enfermería y en una encuesta de satisfacción. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student para realizar una comparación de valores medios por participación en el proyecto (sí/no). La comparación de valores medios por profesor se llevó a cabo por medio de pruebas Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: índice de participación: 72,4%; el 92% de los participantes eran mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 21 años. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre participantes y no participantes en cuanto a la puntuación media en la Evaluación General y en la Evaluación de Estudios de Caso, con puntuaciones más elevadas en el grupo de participantes. Las puntuaciones medias correspondientes a las actitudes con respecto a los diagnósticos de Enfermería fueron 99,9 (SD=2,8) y 111.1 (SD=2.9) antes y después de la intervención, respectivamente [IC 95%: 3,3-19,2]. Conclusión: se consideró satisfactorio utilizar edworkcases como parte te la capacitación práctica, lo que permitió combinar teoría y práctica y mejorar las actitudes de los estudiantes con respecto a los diagnósticos de Enfermería.

Assessing math anxiety in elementary schoolchildren through a Spanish version of the Scale for Early Mathematics Anxiety (SEMA).

Math anxiety (MA) affects students of all age groups. Because of its effects on children's academic development, the need to recognize its early manifestations has been highlighted. We designed a European-Spanish version of the Scale for Early Mathematics Anxiety (SEMA; Wu et al. (2012)), and assessed its psychometric properties in a sample of children aged 7 to 12 years. The participants (967 typically developing children) were elementary school students recruited from ten schools. Children reported their general and math anxiety levels in an individual session and performed nonverbal IQ and math abilities subtests in a group session. Teachers reported the final math grades. The psychometric indices obtained, and the resulting factor structure revealed that the European-Spanish version of the SEMA developed in this study is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate MA in children from 3rd to 6th grade. Moreover, we explored gender differences, that resulted in small effect sizes, which disappeared when controlling for trait anxiety. Differences across grades were found for both global MA and the numerical processing anxiety factor but not for the situational and performance anxiety factor. Finally, MA was negatively associated with students' math achievement, although the strength of the associations varied with the MA measure selected, the kind of math achievement analyzed, and the school stage considered. Our findings highlight the relevance of MA in elementary school and highlight the need for an early identification of students at risk of suffering MA to palliate the negative consequences of MA in children's cognitive and academic development.

Sobrepeso infantil según la teoría de Orem: a propósito de un caso / Childhood overweight according to Orem’s theory: regarding a case

Se presenta el caso de un niño de 9 años con sobrepeso (índice de masa corporal –IMC– de 20,9 kg/m2), consecuencia de un estilo de vida sedentario y de una alimentación alejada de los patrones saludables.En primer lugar se realizó una valoración enfermera en la consulta de Enfermería de Atención Primaria según la Teoría General del Déficit de Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem. A continuación se identificaron diagnósticos enfermeros usando la taxonomía diagnóstica de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA): [00270] Dinámica de comidas ineficaz del niño, [00168] Estilo de vida sedentario y [00233] Sobrepeso. A partir de estos se diseñó un plan de cuidados con los siguientes resultados esperados NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification): [1014] Apetito, [1209] Motivación y [1854] Conocimiento: dieta saludable, con sus correspondientes indicadores. Por último, se enunció una serie de intervenciones NIC (Nursing Intervention Classification) y sus actividades enfermeras correspondientes encaminadas hacia un estilo de vida orientado en la salud.Tras un periodo de seis meses se alcanzó la puntuación diana en todos los indicadores identificados. Se registró una disminución de IMC a 18,4 kg/m2: peso saludable; y, sobre todo, un cambio de actitud favorable con la práctica de actividad física. La Educación para la Salud es una herramienta indispensable para abordar el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Es imprescindible identificar las necesidades formativas de los pacientes para desarrollar un programa educativo como herramienta de abordaje de una situación de salud derivada de un problema de colaboración, como es el caso de la obesidad infantil.(AU)

We present the case of a 9-year-old boy with overweight (Body Mass Index – BMI: 20.9 kg/m2), as a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle and a diet removed from healthy patterns.First, nursing assessment was conducted by Primary Care Nursing staff, according to Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory. After this, nursing diagnoses were identified using the diagnostic taxonomy by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA): [00270] Ineffective child eating dynamics, [00168] Sedentary Lifestyle, and [00233] Overweight. Based on these, a plan of care was designed expecting the following NOC outcomes (Nursing Outcomes Classification): NOC [1014] Appetite, [1209] Motivation and [1854] Knowledge: Healthy Diet, with their respective indicators. Finally, a series of NIC (Nursing Intervention Classification) interventions was determined, and their corresponding nursing activities targeted to a health-oriented lifestyle.After a six-month period, the target score was reached in all the indicators identified. There was a BMI reduction to 18.4 kg/m2: healthy weight; and particularly a favourable change of attitude with the incorporation of physical activity. Education for health is an essential tool to address overweight and obesity. It is imperative to identify the training needs of patients, in order to develop an educational program as a tool for addressing a health situation derived of a collaboration problem, as is the case with childhood obesity.(AU)

Links between television exposure and toddler dysregulation: Does culture matter?

Television exposure in early childhood has increased, with concerns raised regarding adverse effects on social-emotional development, and emerging self-regulation in particular. The present study addressed television exposure (i.e., amount of time watching TV) and its associations with toddler behavioral/emotional dysregulation, examining potential differences across 14 cultures. The sample consisted of an average of 60 toddlers from each of the 14 countries from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium (JETTC; Gartstein & Putnam, 2018). Analyses were conducted relying on the multi-level modeling framework (MLM), accounting for between- and within-culture variability, and examining the extent to which TV exposure contributions were universal vs. variable across sites. Effects of time watching TV were evaluated in relation to temperament reactivity and regulation, as well as measures of emotional reactivity, attention difficulties, and aggression. Results indicated that more time spent watching TV was associated with higher ratings on Negative Emotionality, emotional reactivity, aggression, and attention problems, as well as lower levels of soothability. However, links between TV exposure and both attention problems and soothability varied significantly between cultures. Taken together, results demonstrate that increased time spent watching television was generally associated with dysregulation, although effects were not consistently uniform, but rather varied as a function of culturally-dependent contextual factors.

A propósito de un caso clínico: mujer con gastroenteritis aguda / About a clinical case of a woman with acute gastroenteritis

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 80 años, afectada de una gastroenteritis aguda de 2 semanas de evolución en posible relación con un cuadro viral. La causa principal es la infección transmitida por alimentos y superficies contaminadas, que en personas de edad avanzada supone un riesgo para su vida debido a la deshidratación. Por ello, será fundamental una reposición de líquidos oral e intravenosa, además de una introducción temprana de alimentación sólida. La valoración de las respuestas de la paciente se ha realizado a partir de los requisitos de autocuidado de Dorothea Orem. La evolución ha sido favorable, y en el periodo de una semana se redujeron las deposiciones en frecuencia y características favoreciendo así la restauración de la piel perianal, se sustituyó la fluidoterapia con reposición de electrolitos por hidratación oral, y la dieta astringente pasó a dieta basal, con buena tolerancia

We present here the case of an 80 old female patient, affected by an acute gastroenteritis of two weeks of evolution in possible relation with a viral case. The main cause is infection transmitted by food and contaminated surfaces. Therefore, an oral and intravenous fluid replacement will be essential, as well as an early introduction of solid nutrition. The assessment of the patient's responses was based on the self-care requirements of Dorothea Orem. The evolution has been favorable and in a period of one week the depositions in frequency and characteristics were reduced favoring the restoration of the perianal skin, fluid therapy has been replaced with the replacement of electrolytes by oral hydration, and the astringent diet has passed a basal diet, with good tolerance

Paciente con úlceras vasculares infectadas. Un abordaje desde la teoría de Dorothea Orem / A patient with infected vascular ulcers: An approach based on Dorothea Orem's Theory

La úlcera vascular es muy dolorosa por lo que suele ir acompañada por dificultad en la movilidad y disminución de la calidad de vida. Por ello es fundamental una correcta curación de las úlceras junto con un adecuado manejo del dolor y llevar a cabo prevención de caídas. Se expone el caso de un varón de 71 años que presenta cuatro úlceras vasculares infectadas en miembros inferiores. Para el abordaje del caso clínico se ha realizado la valoración enfermera según la teoría del déficit de autocuidado de Dorothea Orem, se han utilizado las taxonomías de lenguaje enfermero NANDA, NIC y NOC, y se ha aplicado el modelo AREA de Pesut. Se identificaron los diagnósticos enfermeros de Intolerancia a la actividad y Riesgo de caídas; y como problemas de colaboración las úlceras vasculares, la infección de las úlceras vasculares y el dolor agudo. Los resultados (NOC) planteados fueron: "Curación de la herida: por segunda intención", "Tolerancia a la actividad" y "Movilidad". Las intervenciones (NIC) desarrolladas fueron: "Cuidados de las heridas", "Terapia de ejercicios (ambulación), "Manejo ambiental (seguridad)", "Administración de medicación (antibióticos): intravenosa" y "Manejo del dolor: agudo". Tras una semana de aplicación del plan de cuidados se consiguió la regresión completa de la infección de las úlceras y una buena evolución de las lesiones cutáneas

Vascular ulcers are very painful, and they usually entail mobility difficulties and a reduction in quality of life. Therefore, the correct cure of ulcers, together with an adequate pain management, and conducting the prevention of falls are essential. The case of a 71-year-old male is presented, with four infected vascular ulcers in lower limbs. For this clinical case approach, a nursing assessment has been conducted according to Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, using the NANDA, NIC and NOC taxonomy, and applying the Pesut's AREA model. The Activity Intolerance and Risk of Falls nursing diagnoses were identified; and as collaboration problems: vascular ulcers, vascular ulcer infection, and acute pain. The (NOC) outcomes raised were: "Wound Healing: Secondary Intention", "Activity Tolerance" and "Mobility". The (NIC) interventions conducted were: "Wound Care", "Exercise Therapy (Ambulation)", "Environmental Management (safety); "Medication Administration (antibiotics): Intravenous", and "Acute Pain Management". After one week of implementing the care plan, complete regression of ulcer infections was achieved, as well as good evolution of skin lesions

ADHD and ODD Symptoms in Toddlers: Common and Specific Associations with Temperament Dimensions.

The aim of this work was to study the relationship between temperament and signs of psychopathology in typically developing toddlers. More specifically, Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms were analyzed in connection with fine-grained temperament dimensions. The sample was composed of 65 toddlers aged between 18 and 35 months. Bivariate correlations showed that higher levels of negative emotionality and approach tendencies, and lower levels of inhibitory control, were related to more ADHD and ODD manifestations. Bivariate correlations also indicated unique associations: lower levels of soothability were associated with higher ODD symptoms, whereas lower attentional focusing and low-intensity pleasure were related with higher ADHD symptoms. Additionally, regression and path analysis models indicated that ADHD was predominantly associated with attentional focusing and motor activation whereas ODD was most closely related to frustration. Our findings highlight the relevance of studying early correlates of psychopathological manifestations to identify children who could benefit from prevention and early intervention programs.

Detección del riesgo nutricional al ingreso del paciente / Detection of nutritional risk on hospital admission

OBJETIVO: Identificar a los pacientes de mayor edad que ingresan en situación de riesgo nutricional. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con 30 pacientes de 65 y más años que ingresaron durante el mes de octubre de 2019 en las unidades de medicina interna, cirugía general y traumatología de un hospital de tercer nivel del Servicio Madrileño de Salud. Las variables del estudio se estratificaron según el perfil sociodemográfico de la población y el ingreso en medicina interna, cirugía general y/o traumatología. RESULTADOS: Han participado 30 pacientes, que ingresaron en cirugía general, medicina interna y traumatología. Tras la aplicación de una herramienta de cribado, se observó riesgo nutricional en todos ellos. Tras la realización del test de Kruskal-Wallis para la comparación de las edades de las personas incluidas en cada grupo no se pudieron determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Igualmente, tampoco se pudo relacionar el riesgo de desnutrición con la unidad de ingreso tras la realización de la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. CONCLUSIONES: Las enfermeras pueden incorporar en sus actividades de valoración una herramienta de cribado nutricional para identificar a los pacientes en situación de riesgo antes de la interrelación con otros factores secundarios a la hospitalización y al motivo de ingreso, y prevenir de esta forma, el incremento de la morbilidad durante el ingreso y la tasa de reingresos después del alta, así como mejorar la calidad de vida, disminuir la estancia hospitalaria, el gasto sanitario y los índices de mortalidad

OBJECTIVE: To identify older patients at nutritional risk admitted to the hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with 30 patients aged 65 and over, who were admitted in October 2019 to internal medicine, general surgery and traumatology units at a third-level hospital belonging to the Madrid Health Service. The study variables were stratified according to the socio-demographic profile of the population and the hospital admission to the internal medicine, general surgery or traumatology units. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients who were admitted to internal medicine, general surgery and traumatology units participated. After the application of a screening tool, nutritional risk was observed in all of them. After the age comparison of the people included in each group performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, no statistically significant differences were detected. In the same way, the Chi-Square test showed that nutritional risk is not associated with the admission unit. CONCLUSION: Nurses can integrate a nutrition screening tool in the nursing assessment with the aim of identifying the patients at risk before the interrelation between other factors due to hospitalization and the reason for admission. Consequently, preventing the increase of morbidity during hospitalization and the readmission rates after hospital discharge, as well as improving life quality, reducing the hospital stay, the health spending and the mortality index

Computer-Based Cognitive Training Improves Brain Functional Connectivity in the Attentional Networks: A Study With Primary School-Aged Children.

We have shown that a computer-based program that trains schoolchildren in cognitive tasks that mainly tap working memory (WM), implemented by teachers and integrated into school routine, improved cognitive and academic skills compared with an active control group. Concretely, improvements were observed in inhibition skills, non-verbal IQ, mathematics and reading skills. Here, we focus on a subsample from the overarching study who volunteered to be scanned using a resting state fMRI protocol before and 6-month after training. This sample reproduced the aforementioned behavioral effects, and brain functional connectivity changes were observed within the attentional networks (ATN), linked to improvements in inhibitory control. Findings showed stronger relationships between inhibitory control scores and functional connectivity in a right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) cluster in trained children compared to children from the control group. Seed-based analyses revealed that connectivity between the r-MFG and homolateral parietal and superior temporal areas were more strongly related to inhibitory control in trained children compared to the control group. These findings highlight the relevance of computer-based cognitive training, integrated in real-life school environments, in boosting cognitive/academic performance and brain functional connectivity.

El consumo de bebidas energéticas en adolescentes: una conducta de riesgo / The use of energy drinks in adolescents: a risk behaviour

Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos, percepciones y riesgos asociados al consumo de las bebidas energéticas (BE) en adolescentes. Método: para esta revisión narrativa se consultaron las bases de datos: Pubmed, Cinahl, Cuiden Plus y Scopus. Se utilizó lenguaje libre y controlado (MeSH). Se aplicaron límites de idioma (inglés y español), los últimos cinco años de publicación (2014-2019), y adolescentes (10-19 años). Resultados: se seleccionaron 26 artículos de un total de 702. Un 82,6% tenía un enfoque cuantitativo, mayoritariamente estudios descriptivos transversales (57,6%). Los hallazgos se categorizaron en: conocimientos y percepciones de los consumidores, influencia en el descanso y estado anímico, y abuso de sustancias. El consumo de BE se percibía como un hábito propio de hombres, poco saludable y de prácticas deportivas en general; además se asociaba a la actividad física, adopción de conductas violentas, un peor rendimiento y fracaso escolar, problemas afectivos, problemas en el patrón del sueño, hiperactividad, conducción temeraria, abuso de sustancias y dependencia alcohólica. Conclusiones: la desinformación y agresivas campañas de marketing favorecen el abuso de BE, lo que conduce a un mayor riesgo de abuso de sustancias. La elaboración de programas preventivos, la actualización de los vigentes, el consejo nutricional y la educación para la salud podrían ser cruciales para resolver el problema

Objective: to identify the knowledge, perceptions and risks associated with the use of energy drinks (EDs) in adolescents. Method: the following databases were consulted for this narrative review: Pubmed, Cinahl, Cuiden Plus and Scopus. Free and controlled language was used (MeSH). There were limitations in terms of language (English and Spanish), the last five years of publication (2014-2019), and adolescents (10-to-19-year old). Results: twenty-six (26) articles were selected out of 702; 82.6% of these had a quantitative approach, the majority were descriptive cross-sectional studies (57.6%). Findings were classified into: knowledge and perceptions by users, influence in rest and mood, and substance abuse. The use of EDs was perceived as a typically male behaviour, not healthy, and for sports activities in general; besides, it was associated with physical activity, violent behaviours, worse performance and academic failure, emotional problems, sleep pattern problems, hyperactivity, reckless driving, substance abuse, and alcohol dependency. Conclusions: lack of information and aggressive marketing campaigns encourage the abuse of energy drinks, which leads to a higher risk of substance abuse. Preparing preventive programs and updating the current ones, as well as nutritional advice and education for health, could be essential in order to solve this problem

El cribado nutricional como parte de los cuidados enfermeros / Nutritional screening as part of nursing care

Objetivo: explorar el conocimiento y las actitudes de las enfermeras en relación con la valoración o cribado nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados. Método: se llevó a cabo una narrativa entre noviembre de 2017 y enero de 2018, mediante el diseño de estrategias de búsqueda en lenguaje libre y controlado en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cinahl, Cuiden, Cochrane Library, Sicelo, Dialnet Plus, Lilacs y la Colección principal de la Web of Science. Se emplearon los operadores booleanos "AND" y "OR" y se aplicó el limitador temporal de los últimos 10 años. Se contemplaron como variables la evaluación y el estado nutricional y las actitudes y conocimientos de las enfermeras. Los artículos fueron revisados por todas las autoras. Resultados: de los 1.054 artículos recuperados se seleccionaron 17. Si bien las/os enfermeras/os perciben la valoración nutricional y el cribado como importante, son varias las barreras que dificultan su realización: la falta de conocimientos y de entrenamiento en la utilización de las herramientas, la preferencia por el empleo del juicio personal para realizar esta actividad, la percepción de que han de ser otros profesionales quienes la efectúen, la falta de tiempo o la priorización de otras actividades de cuidados, entre otras. Se excluyeron aquellos artículos que se referían a pacientes no hospitalizados, con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, mujeres embarazadas y pacientes paliativos. Conclusiones: ante la escasez de bibliografía se hace necesario realizar estudios de investigación que permitan visibilizar los factores que dificultan la implantación de las herramientas de cribado y la evaluación nutricional de los pacientes hospitalizados

Objective: to explore the knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding nutritional assessment or screening in hospitalized patients. Method: a narrative study was conducted between November, 2017 and January, 2018, through the design of search strategies in free and controlled language in the following databases: Pubmed, Cinahl, Cuiden, Cochrane Library, Sicelo, Dialnet Plus, Lilacs, and the Web of Science Core Collection. The Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" were used, and there was a time limitation for the past 10 years. The variables observed were nutritional assessment and status, and attitudes and knowledge by nurses. Articles were reviewed by authors. Results: seventeen (17) articles were selected of the 1,054 articles retrieved. Even though nurses perceived nutritional assessment and screening as important, there are various barriers that render difficult its implementation: lack of knowledge and training in the use of tools, preference for using personal judgment for this activity, the perception that other professionals must be the ones to conduct it, lack of time, or prioritizing other care activities, among others. The study excluded those articles that dealt with non-hospitalized patients, those with eating disorders, pregnant women, and palliative care patients. Conclusions: given the lack of bibliography, it is necessary to conduct research studies which allow to visualize the barriers for the implementation of screening tools and nutritional assessment of hospitalized patients

Propuesta de evaluación docente de las prácticas del grado en Enfermería mediante un foro virtual / Proposal for the teacher evaluation of the nursing bachelor internships through a virtual forum

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los foros virtuales permiten definir estrategias de enseñanza y de evaluación que propician en los estudiantes el desarrollo de un aprendizaje consciente, significativo y cooperativo, al favorecer la comunicación y la interacción entre un grupo. OBJETIVO: Llevar al estudiante hacia un proceso reflexivo de su aprendizaje clínico y promover la comunicación entre estudiantes que comparten el mismo itinerario de prácticas tuteladas. MÉTODO: Esta experiencia se ha llevado a cabo en los 2últimos cursos académicos y se ha realizado en 2fases: fase de diseño, en los meses anteriores al comienzo de las prácticas tuteladas, y fase de desarrollo y evaluación, en la que los estudiantes participaron en el foro diseñado para el seguimiento del itinerario quirúrgico perteneciente a las prácticas tuteladas VI del Grado en Enfermería. RESULTADOS: Han participado 40 estudiantes y se han contabilizado 188 intervenciones correspondientes a las 5etapas programadas, así como 164 réplicas y contrarréplicas a las opiniones de los compañeros, con bibliografía de apoyo y referencia a las evidencias incluidas. CONCLUSIONES: El foro virtual es una herramienta útil de reflexión sobre la práctica clínica. Favorece el aprendizaje cooperativo y la construcción del conocimiento entre los participantes, al permitir la interacción y el intercambio

INTRODUCTION: Virtual forums allow the definition of teaching and evaluating strategies that promote in the students the development of a conscious, significant and collaborative learning, by favouring communication and interaction among a group. OBJECTIVE: Direct the student towards a reflexive process of their clinic learning and promote the communication among students that share the same itinerary of guided internships. METHOD: This experience has been implemented during the last 2academic courses and has been carried out in 2phases: design phase, in the months prior to the beginning of the guided internships, and the developing and evaluating phase, in which the student participated in the forum designed for the following of the surgical itinerary belonging to the VI Nursing Bachelor guided internships. RESULTS: A total of 40 students have participated and 188 operations corresponding to the 5scheduled stages have been recorded, as well as 164 replicas and rejoinders to their schoolmates' opinions, incorporating backing bibliography and references to the evidence included. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual forum is a useful tool for reflexion on the clinical practice. It favours the cooperative learning and the construction of the knowledge among the participants by allowing the interaction and the exchange

Experiencia de aprendizaje cooperativo en una asignatura optativa del Grado en Enfermería / Cooperative learning experience in an optional subject of the Bachelor in Nursing

Este trabajo es el resultado de un proyecto de innovación perteneciente a la convocatoria de proyectos de innovación docente-UAM 2016/17. OBJETIVO: Diseñar una metodología de aprendizaje cooperativo que implique al estudiante en el proceso de evaluación y actúe como elemento motivador. MÉTODO: Experiencia docente que se ha llevado a cabo en la asignatura optativa «Estudio y Manejo del Dolor» desde el curso académico 2013/2014, y que continúa en la actualidad. Esta asignatura tiene una carga lectiva de 6 ECTS y se imparte en cuarto curso del Grado de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. En su planificación se han diseñado actividades de aprendizaje y métodos de evaluación formativa, buscando la participación activa del alumno. RESULTADOS: Han participado 221 estudiantes que han manifestado, verbalmente y a través de las encuestas de opinión, la satisfacción con la metodología utilizada. Los resultados académicos también han sido satisfactorios, no habiendo estudiantes suspensos en ninguna de las convocatorias. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES: Esta experiencia de innovación rompe con el método habitual de docencia, fomenta diferentes estilos de trabajo, y parece que ha sido un aliciente para la asistencia diaria, junto con la agrupación aleatoria de estudiantes para el trabajo en grupo, al permitir establecer nuevos vínculos de relación entre estudiantes que no se conocían previamente. Esto hace que el profesorado tenga que garantizar la responsabilidad individual al tiempo que se fomenta la interdependencia grupal positiva. Como aspectos a mejorar, los estudiantes sugieren la conveniencia de distribuir la docencia en algo más de tiempo que facilite proceso de aprendizaje colaborativo y reflexivo

This work is the result of an innovation project included in the call for Teaching Innovation Projects - UAM 2016/17. OBJECTIVE: Design a methodology of cooperative learning that gets the student involved in the process of evaluation and acts as a motivating element. METHOD: Teaching experience carried out in the optional subject "Study and Handling of Pain" from the academic year 2013/2014, and which takes place currently. This subject has a study weight of 6 ECTS and is taught in the fourth year of the Bachelor in Nursing of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. The subject has been planned designing learning activities and educational evaluation methods, while looking for an active participation of the student. RESULTS: 221 student have participated, who have express, verbally and through opinion surveys, their satisfaction with the methodology used. The academic results have also been satisfactory, with no students failing the subject in any of the calls. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This innovation experience breaks up with the usual teaching method, promotes different styles of working, and seems to have been an incentive for the daily assistance, as well as the grouping of students randomly for the group works, therefore allowing to create new relationship bonds among the students that did not know each other previously. This obliges the faculty to guarantee the individual responsibility while incentivizing a positive interdependence group dynamics. As improving aspects, the students suggest the convenience of distributing teaching along more time so as to facilitate the process of collaborative and reflexive learning

Publisher Correction: The Neurocognitive Architecture of Individual Differences in Math Anxiety in Typical Children.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

The Neurocognitive Architecture of Individual Differences in Math Anxiety in Typical Children.

Math Anxiety (MA) is characterized by a negative emotional response when facing math-related situations. MA is distinct from general anxiety and can emerge during primary education. Prior studies typically comprise adults and comparisons between high- versus low-MA, where neuroimaging work has focused on differences in network activation between groups when completing numerical tasks. The present study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify the structural brain correlates of MA in a sample of 79 healthy children aged 7-12 years. Given that MA is thought to develop in later primary education, the study focused on the level of MA, rather than categorically defining its presence. Using a battery of cognitive- and numerical-function tasks, we identified that increased MA was associated with reduced attention, working memory and math achievement. VBM highlighted that increased MA was associated with reduced grey matter in the left anterior intraparietal sulcus. This region was also associated with attention, suggesting that baseline differences in morphology may underpin attentional differences. Future studies should clarify whether poorer attentional capacity due to reduced grey matter density results in the later emergence of MA. Further, our data highlight the role of working memory in propagating reduced math achievement in children with higher MA.

Benefits of soy in women's health / Beneficios de la soja en la salud femenina

A great interest has been developed last decades on the role of phytoestrogens as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. In fact, numerous studies have shown the effects of soy isoflavones on climacteric symptomatology by significantly reducing the frequency and intensity of hot flashes, as well on cardiovascular health. The aim of this paper was to review the last studies, mainly randomized controlled trials, on the effect of isoflavones on climacteric symptoms and their impact on women's quality of life, as well as on other health markers. Following a review of meta-analyzes and recent clinical trials, evidence has been obtained of the efficacy of isoflavones use in reducing hot flashes, improving the quality of life, lowering the cardiovascular risk by optimizing lipid profile, and Improving bone mineral density and other markers of bone resorption. Most of the authors concluded on the favorable effect of regular consumption of soy isoflavones on the health and quality of life of peri and postmenopausal women.

Desde hace varias décadas, se ha desarrollado un gran interés por el papel de los fitoestrógenos como alternativa a la terapia hormonal sustitutiva. De hecho, numerosos estudios han determinado los efectos de las isoflavonas de soja sobre la sintomatología climatérica al reducir significativamente la frecuencia e intensidad de los sofocos. Este resultado se ha observado también sobre la salud cardiovascular.El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar los estudios publicados, principalmente ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados sobre el efecto de las isoflavonas en los síntomas climatéricos y su repercusión en la calidad de vida de la mujer, así como en otros marcadores de salud.Tras una revisión de metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos recientes, se ha obtenido evidencia de la eficacia del consumo de isoflavonas en la reducción de los sofocos con una mejora de la calidad de vida, en la disminución del riesgo cardiovascular por optimización del perfil lipídico, y en la mejoría de la densidad mineral ósea y otros marcadores de resorción ósea.La mayoría de los autores concluyen en el efecto favorable de un consumo regular de isoflavonas de soja sobre la salud y la calidad de vida de la mujer peri y postmenopáusica.

Computer-Based Training in Math and Working Memory Improves Cognitive Skills and Academic Achievement in Primary School Children: Behavioral Results.

Student academic achievement has been positively related to further development outcomes, such as the attainment of higher educational, employment, and socioeconomic aspirations. Among all the academic competences, mathematics has been identified as an essential skill in the field of international leadership as well as for those seeking positions in disciplines related to science, technology, and engineering. Given its positive consequences, studies have designed trainings to enhance children's mathematical skills. Additionally, the ability to regulate and control actions and cognitions, i.e., executive functions (EF), has been associated with school success, which has resulted in a strong effort to develop EF training programs to improve students' EF and academic achievement. The present study examined the efficacy of a school computer-based training composed of two components, namely, working memory and mathematics tasks. Among the advantages of using a computer-based training program is the ease with which it can be implemented in school settings and the ease by which the difficulty of the tasks can be adapted to fit the child's ability level. To test the effects of the training, children's cognitive skills (EF and IQ) and their school achievement (math and language grades and abilities) were evaluated. The results revealed a significant improvement in cognitive skills, such as non-verbal IQ and inhibition, and better school performance in math and reading among the children who participated in the training compared to those children who did not. Most of the improvements were related to training on WM tasks. These findings confirmed the efficacy of a computer-based training that combined WM and mathematics activities as part of the school routines based on the training's impact on children's academic competences and cognitive skills.

Beneficios de la soja en la salud femenina / Benefits of soy in women's health

Desde hace varias décadas, se ha desarrollado un gran interés por el papel de los fitoestrógenos como alternativa a la terapia hormonal sustitutiva. De hecho, numerosos estudios han determinado los efectos de las isoflavonas de soja sobre la sintomatología climatérica al reducir significativamente la frecuencia e intensidad de los sofocos. Este resultado se ha observado también sobre la salud cardiovascular. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar los estudios publicados, principalmente ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados sobre el efecto de las isoflavonas en los síntomas climatéricos y su repercusión en la calidad de vida de la mujer, así como en otros marcadores de salud. Tras una revisión de metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos recientes, se ha obtenido evidencia de la eficacia del consumo de isoflavonas en la reducción de los sofocos con una mejora de la calidad de vida, en la disminución del riesgo cardiovascular por optimización del perfil lipídico, y en la mejoría de la densidad mineral ósea y otros marcadores de resorción ósea. La mayoría de los autores concluyen en el efecto favorable de un consumo regular de isoflavonas de soja sobre la salud y la calidad de vida de la mujer peri y postmenopáusica (AU)

A great interest has been developed last decades on the role of phytoestrogens as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. In fact, numerous studies have shown the effects of soy isoflavones on climacteric symptomatology by significantly reducing the frequency and intensity of hot flashes, as well on cardiovascular health. The aim of this paper was to review the last studies, mainly randomized controlled trials, on the effect of isoflavones on climacteric symptoms and their impact on women’s quality of life, as well as on other health markers. Following a review of meta-analyzes and recent clinical trials, evidence has been obtained of the efficacy of isoflavones use in reducing hot flashes, improving the quality of life, lowering the cardiovascular risk by optimizing lipid profile, and Improving bone mineral density and other markers of bone resorption. Most of the authors concluded on the favorable effect of regular consumption of soy isoflavones on the health and quality of life of peri and postmenopausal women (AU)