Hiponatremia en pacientes internados en el servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Municipal Cotahuma, de enero a junio de 2023 / Hyponatremia in patients hospitalized in the internal medicine service of the Cotahuma Municipal Hospital, from January to June 2023

La hiponatremia es el trastorno hidroelectrolítico que se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las salas de internación de adultos. Pero lleva consigo periodos largos de internación además de posibles complicaciones que puedan incrementar la mortalidad. En el servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Municipal Cotahuma se realizó un estudio acerca de la prevalencia, por supuesto excluyendo a aquellos pacientes que podrían representar cuadro de pseudohiponatremias. En este trabajo se pudo ver que la hiponatremia se presenta en el 35 % del total de las internaciones identificando como la principal causa la terapia con diuréticos en un 41,25% además, el sexo más afectado es el masculino. Los datos mencionados son similares a los obtenidos en la literatura. Se debe considerar que cuando un paciente acude al servicio de emergencias por probable cuadro de hiponatremia, el primer paso es un adecuado examen físico y anamnesis para poder conocer la probable causa. Posteriormente debemos calcular la osmolaridad y probablemente si la patología de origen los requiere hacer la reposición necesaria.

Prevalence of inhibitors and clinical characteristics in patients with haemophilia in a middle-income Latin American country.

INTRODUCTION: Development of inhibitors is the most serious complication in patients with haemophilia (PWH). The prevalence of inhibitors in patients with severe haemophilia A (HA) is approximately 25%-30%. Inhibitor prevalence differs among populations. Some studies report a prevalence of almost twice in Hispanic as compared to Caucasian patients. Most data available, on the prevalence of inhibitors and their predisposing factors, originate from centres in developed countries. AIM: Establish the prevalence of inhibitors of FVIII and FIX in Mexico. METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The records of all patients diagnosed with haemophilia A (HA) or B (HB), with and without inhibitors, were included. Clinical and demographical characteristics of patients with inhibitors were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 22. The Ethics Committees of the various participating institutions approved this study. RESULTS: A total of 1455 patients from the 20 participating centres were recruited, from which 1208 (83.02%) had HA and 247 (16.97%) were diagnosed with HB. The presence of inhibitors in severe HA was reported in 93/777(11.96%), and 10/162 (6.17%) in severe HB. Of them, 91.7% exhibited high titres in HA and 100% in HB. CONCLUSION: In Mexico, the general prevalence of inhibitors varies considerably among centres. This study established a basis of comparison for future development and advances in the treatment and follow-up of patients. These findings also augment our understanding of risk factors related to inhibitor development.

Strategy to improve the request of uric acid in primary care: preliminary results and evaluation through process and outcome appropriateness indicators.

INTRODUCTION: Alerted by the high rates of request of serum uric acid (UA) in primary care patients, we aimed to design a strategy to improve such an indicator, and to monitor such an intervention through process and outcome appropriateness indicators. METHODS: To design the strategy, several meetings were held between the Laboratory, Rheumatology and Primary Care. The intervention consisted of discharging UA from two laboratory profiles ("Health Check" and "Rheumatology"), making it only possible to request the test in an individualized manner. To assess the intervention effectiveness, the ratio of UA/glucose requests, the quantity of allopurinol prescription and the resulting economic savings were calculated and compared for pre- and post-intervention 12 month periods. RESULTS: There was a 70% decrease in the number of UA requests in the post-intervention period, as compared to the pre-intervention interval. The ratio of UA/glucose requests experienced a significant commensurate drop in the post-intervention period (p<0.01). There was a significant reduction in the prescription of allopurinol (p<0.01). From an economic perspective, the strategy resulted in a savings of 8190 €. CONCLUSION: The strategy resulted in a dramatic drop in the number of UA requests and in the prescription of allopurinol. This highlights a likely existence of prior unnecessary treatment of patients with hyperuricemia in the absence of clinical symptoms.