Trastornos Neuropsiquiátricos Autoinmunes Pediátricos Asociados a Estreptococo: Presentación de un caso / Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections: Presentation of a case

Los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos autoinmunes pediátricos asociados a estreptococo (PANDAS) fueron creados para describir un subgrupo teórico de casos de trastornos obsesivo compulsivos (TOC) y / o tics en los que el inicio o la exacerbación de los síntomas es desencadenado por infección del estreptococo hemolítico del grupo A (SBHGA) ; Si bien aún no hay datos de incidencia se estima que el trastorno afecta aproximadamente al 1% de niños menores de 12 años, porque es menos probable que tengan anticuerpos contra el estreptococo y probablemente esté infradiagnosticado. La existencia de este trastorno ha generado considerables avances clínicos y científicos, así como controversia. Fisiopatológicamente, PANDAS se propone ser un trastorno autoinmune postestreptocócico similar a corea de Sydenham, hipotetizandose mas específicamente que los tics y la sintomatología obsesivo compulsiva son el resultado de la activación del sistema inmune adaptativo por el estreptococo del grupo A. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 6 años, con cuadro de tres semanas de evolución de movimientos involuntarios en cabeza y miembros superiores, así como cambios de conducta, cuyo antecedente de importancia fue una infección respiratoria y en piel varias semanas previo al inicio de los síntomas..(AU)

Prevalence, patterns and predictors of substance use among Latino migrant men in a new receiving community.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, patterns and predictors (individual, social, cultural, and environmental) of illicit drug use and binge drinking in a cohort of Latino migrant men (LMM) in a new receiving community. METHODS: A cohort of LMM in New Orleans (n=125) was assembled in 2007 using respondent driven sampling and interviewed quarterly for 18 months regarding past month substance use and other potential covariates. Baseline frequencies were weighted using RDSAT and longitudinal analyses included generalized estimating equations (GEE) and the Cochran-Armitage test for trends. RESULTS: At baseline, substance use behaviors were: drug use 15.0% (range 7.3-25.0%) and binge drinking 58.3% (range 43.6-74.6%). All three of these behaviors decreased over follow-up (P<0.01). Baseline alcohol dependence and drug problem were 11.8% (range 5.6-24.3%) and 0.08% (range 0.00-2.7%) and both remained the same over time. Baseline rate of chlamydia was 9% (range 0.00-22.4%); all men tested negative for gonorrhea, HIV, and syphilis. For both binge drinking and drug use, having sex with a female sex worker was associated with increased risk, whereas belonging to a club or organization was associated with less risk. Additional factors associated with increased drug use were: having a friend in New Orleans upon arrival, symptoms of depression, and working in construction. An additional factor associated with less binge drinking was having family in New Orleans upon arrival. CONCLUSION: Among LMM, substance use is influenced by social and environmental factors. Interventions increase community connectedness may help decrease usage.

Patterns and predictors of multiple sexual partnerships among newly arrived Latino migrant men.

Multiple sexual partnerships (MSP), both concurrent and serial short gap, are thought to increase the risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition and transmission. In this study we evaluate potential individual and environmental risk factors for engaging in MSP in a cohort of newly arrived Latino migrant men (LMM) in New Orleans, LA, USA. Participants were surveyed at three time points over a nine-month period to examine factors associated with MSP. Of the 113 men, 32.5 % reported ever MSP. In 290 observations, 19.5 % of men had concurrent, and 15.0 % had serial short gap partnerships in at least one interviews. Substance was associated with MSP, OR (95 % CI) 2.00 (1.16, 3.45) whereas belonging to a community organization was found to be protective, OR 0.32 (0.17, 0.59). Interventions to reduce substance use and promote social connection are needed to prevent a potential HIV/STI epidemic in this population.

Sex and drug risk behavior pre- and post-emigration among Latino migrant men in post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans.

High rates of sex and drug risk behaviors have been documented among Latino migrant men in the US. Whether these behaviors were established in the migrants' home countries or were adopted in the US has not been described and has implications for prevention strategies. Quarterly surveys were conducted to gather information on selected sex and drug risk practices of Latino migrant men who arrived in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina seeking work. Both kappa scores and McNemar's tests were performed to determine if practice of these behaviors in home country was similar to practice post-emigration to the US. Female sex worker (FSW) patronage, same sex encounters (MSM), and crack cocaine use was more likely to occur post- rather than pre-emigration. Of those who ever engaged in these selected behaviors, most adopted the behavior in the US (i.e., 75.8% of FSW patrons, 72.7% of MSM participants, and 85.7% of crack cocaine users), with the exception of binge drinking (26.8%). Men who were living with a family member were less likely to adopt FSW patronage OR = 0.27, CI = 0.10-0.76, whereas men who earned >$465 per week were more likely to adopt crack cocaine use OR = 6.29 CI = 1.29, 30.57. Interventions that facilitate the maintenance of family cohesion and provide strategies for financial management may be useful for reducing sex and drug risk among newly arrived migrants.

Patterns and predictors of HIV/STI risk among Latino migrant men in a new receiving community.

The purpose of this study was to examine patterns and predictors of HIV/STI risk over time among Latino migrant men in a new receiving community. Latino men (N = 125) were interviewed quarterly for 18 months and HIV/STI tested annually. Selected individual, environmental and cultural factors by partner type and condom use were explored longitudinally and in a cross-section. Sex with female sex workers (FSWs) and multiple partners decreased, sex with main partners and abstinence increased, while the number of casual partners remained stable. Consistent condom use was highest with FSWs, lowest with main partners and midrange with casual partners with no trends over time. STI morbidity was low; no HIV was detected. Drug use and high mobility were associated with inconsistent condom use with FSW, whereas having family in the household was protective. HIV/STI prevention efforts should focus on drug using Latino migrants who are highly mobile and should foster healthy social connections.

A longitudinal assessment of occupation, respiratory symptoms, and blood lead levels among latino day laborers in a non-agricultural setting.

BACKGROUND: The reliance on Latino migrant day labor in the U.S. is increasing. Prospective data on day laborers' work and health experience in non-agriculture settings are lacking and outcomes are generally restricted to injury rates. METHODS: An ambidirectional study was conducted to quantify the number of job and job task changes held over 12 months in a cohort of 73 migrant day laborers and assessed the relation between work type, health symptoms, and blood lead level. RESULTS: On average, participants worked 2.4 different jobs over the past year averaging 41.5 hr per week. Construction work was associated with a twofold increase in sino-nasal and respiratory symptoms in both adjusted and unadjusted models and was associated with increased blood lead levels. CONCLUSIONS: Despite day labor status, workers had relatively stable employment. Respiratory symptoms were common and often improved when away from work suggesting that workplace irritant exposure is likely. Migrant day laborers working construction are vulnerable to adverse health effects associated with irritant and lead exposure.

Obstrucción súbita de la vía aérea superior secundaria a carcinoma tiroideo. presentación de un caso / Sudden obstruction of the upper airway secondary to thyroid carcinoma. presentation of a case

La obstrucci ón s úbita de la v ía aérea superior puede ser manifestaci ón de factores o condiciones tanto intr ínsecas como extr ínsecas. Como causa extr ínseca raramente asociada se encuentra el Carci - noma Papilar de Tiroides CPT, siendo este el subtipo m ás frecuente de Carcinoma de Tiroides que representa el 75 - 80% de los casos 1 . Se revisa un caso interesante de un paciente masculino de 13 a ños que se recibe en la emergencia del Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas con cuadro de dificultad respiratoria importante y estridor audible a distancia, que amerit ó intubaci ón inmediata y traslado a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi átricos (UCIP). Con antecedentes de cuadro similar pero de menor intensidad 2 meses atr ás; tratado en su momento como sospecha fundada de Tuberculosis Pulmo- nar dado los hallazgos cl ínicos, antece dentes epidemiol ógicos de contacto con adulto en tratamiento antif ímico y hallazgos radiol ógicos de infiltrados miliares carac ter ísticos, en UCI P se complementan estu dios con TAC de Cuello que muestra cre cimiento Tiroideo con compresi ón de Tr áquea por lo que se programa para cirugí a ( Tiroidectom ía ) con estudio anato -mopatol ógico trans y postoperatorio el cual reporta Carcinoma Papilar de Tiroi des. Actualmente paciente en control con servi cio de Endocrinologí a y Hematoncologí a, en plan de recibir lodo Radioactivo...(AU)

Sistema de Información de Lesiones de Causa Externa (SILEX): un proyecto exitoso en El Salvador / An information system for injuries from external causes (SILEX): a successful project in El Salvador

This article examines the stages in developing an information system for injuries from external causes (Sistema de Información de Lesiones de Causa Externa-SILEX), as well as its limitations and achievements. SILEX is a Web-based application for collection, quality control, presentation, and analysis of data available from the hospital system for surveillance of injuries from external causes created by Ministry of Health of El Salvador with data from the hospital emergency services. This system maintains comprehensive information on the injured person-type of injury, intention, injury site, activity being performed at the time of injury, risk factors, etc.-in the form of tables, graphs, and maps, which streamlines the development of intervention plans and prevention initiatives for these types of injuries in El Salvador. This experience is an example of what can be done to close the information gap on injuries by external causes in the Region of the Americas.

HIV/STI Risk behaviors among Latino migrant workers in New Orleans post-Hurricane Katrina disaster.

OBJECTIVES: A rapid influx of Latino migrant workers came to New Orleans after Hurricane-Katrina. Many of these men were unaccompanied by their primary sex partner potentially placing them at high-risk for HIV/STIs. The purpose of this study was to assess HIV/STI sexual risk behavior of these men. METHODS: A venue-based sample of Latinos who came to New Orleans post-Hurricane Katrina were administered an anonymous, structured interview in Spanish in a mobile unit and urine tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhea (GC) using the nucleic acid amplification technique. RESULTS: Participants (n = 180) had a mean age of 33 (range, 18-79), did not speak or understand English very well (93.9%), were undocumented (91.2%), were married (63.5%), and had children (67.4%), though the percent living with spouse and children was 6.1% and 4.9%, respectively. Although most men were born in Honduras (49.7%) and Mexico (25.4%), 61.9% came to New Orleans from another US state. The majority drank alcohol in the past week (75.5%), and of those, 68.7% engaged in binge drinking. A lower percentage used marijuana (16.6%) and cocaine (5.5%) at least once in the prior week. No men reported injection drug use. Self-reported history of HIV was 10%. No men tested positive for GC and 5 (2.8%) tested positive for CT. In the last month, 68.9% engaged in sex with high-risk sex partners, 30.0% were in potential bridge position, 50.0% used condoms inconsistently, 30.6% did not use a condom the last time they had sex, and 21.1% were abstinent. Since arriving, 9.4% reported leaving and returning to New Orleans. CONCLUSION: Latino migrant workers in New Orleans reported risky sexual behaviors and low condom use within a potential bridge position. Although a low prevalence of CT and GC was found, there was a high percent of self-reported HIV infection. The cultural and contextual factors that place these migrant workers and their sex partner(s) at risk for HIV/STI need further investigation.

[An information system for injuries from external causes (SILEX): a successful project in El Salvador]. / Sistema de Información de Lesiones de Causa Externa (SILEX): un proyecto exitoso en El Salvador.

This article examines the stages in developing an information system for injuries from external causes (Sistema de Información de Lesiones de Causa Externa-SILEX), as well as its limitations and achievements. SILEX is a Web-based application for collection, quality control, presentation, and analysis of data available from the hospital system for surveillance of injuries from external causes created by Ministry of Health of El Salvador with data from the hospital emergency services. This system maintains comprehensive information on the injured person-type of injury, intention, injury site, activity being performed at the time of injury, risk factors, etc.-in the form of tables, graphs, and maps, which streamlines the development of intervention plans and prevention initiatives for these types of injuries in El Salvador. This experience is an example of what can be done to close the information gap on injuries by external causes in the Region of the Americas.

Desfibrilación cardíaca / Cardiac defibrillation

La desfibrilación cardíaca es fundamental en soporte cardíaco vital avanzado. Su aplicación se ha diseminado practicándose aún en la calle, y la tendencia es ponerlo en manos de personal entrenado que enfrente el problema donde este se presenta. Conviene recordar que fibrilación ventricular es la arritmia inicial más frecuente a un paro cardíaco súbito y que la inefectividad de la contracción condiciona fallo de bomba, hipoxemia y muerte. La Asociación Americana del Corazón exige en la terapia eléctrica tomar medidas de protección del personal. Su aplicación en nuestro país es escasa por razones económicas, de formación y falta de monitorización cardíaca continua. La instrucción de Reanimación Cardiopulmonar del RCP básico y "El apoyo vital cardíaco avanzado" en la escuela de medicina y en la práctica privada es muy importante, por tal razón es necesario enseñar RCP