Prevalence of COVID-19 Among 8000 Patients at a Hospitalized and Mortality in Old Age.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 created a general challenge to healthcare systems throughout the world and was an important cause of mortality. AIM: The aim of the present study was to report the general evolution of patients with COVID-19 at a teaching hospital and analyze differences by age group and sex considering mortality rates in the years 2020 and 2021 among patients older than 60 years of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR at the São Jose do Rio Preto university hospital between March 2020 and March 2022. The patients were male and female patients, of varying ages belonging to the region of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, were accommodated in the wards or intensive care units (ICUs). Overall mortality was analyzed for the hospital as well as in the ICUs and wards. This analysis was performed separately in two years considering age group, sex, and main comorbidities in patients older than 60 years of age. RESULTS: A total of 8032 patients with COVID-19 were hospitalized between March 2020 and March 2022: 2866 patients with 658 deaths (22.92%) in 2020; 4324 patients with 1168 deaths (27.01%) in 2021; and 842 patients with 205 deaths (24.35 %) in 2022 up to the month of March. More than half (53.60%) of the patients were hospitalized in the ICUs and 46.39% were hospitalized in the wards. Differences in the mortality rate were found for the different age groups in the comparison of the years, with more deaths occurring among individuals up to 90 years of age in the second year (p <0.05). Men were affected more and had a higher mortality rate (p <0.0001). The main comorbidities were cardiovascular disease (70.93%), diabetes (37.76%), and obesity (23.68%). CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of older people hospitalized with COVID-19 was higher than the average, it was higher in 2021 compared to 2020 and increased with age. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity were the main comorbidities.

COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult: the first death in Brazil.

The precise pathogenesis of COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome remains largely elusive, despite its rarity. The syndrome symptoms often overlap with those of other infections, posing challenges for prompt diagnosis. A male patient, 34 years old, was admitted with suspicion of severe dengue, rapidly progressing to multiple organ dysfunction. Dengue tests resulted negative, and he passed away after four days. This case occurred approximately four weeks after the initial onset of COVID-19 and met all diagnostic criteria as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This report presents the first documented case of fatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult (MIS-A) in Brazil. Recognizing the significance of suspecting this syndrome and promptly initiating treatment at an early stage are essential for minimizing damage and mortality.

COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult: the first death in Brazil

ABSTRACT The precise pathogenesis of COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome remains largely elusive, despite its rarity. The syndrome symptoms often overlap with those of other infections, posing challenges for prompt diagnosis. A male patient, 34 years old, was admitted with suspicion of severe dengue, rapidly progressing to multiple organ dysfunction. Dengue tests resulted negative, and he passed away after four days. This case occurred approximately four weeks after the initial onset of COVID-19 and met all diagnostic criteria as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This report presents the first documented case of fatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult (MIS-A) in Brazil. Recognizing the significance of suspecting this syndrome and promptly initiating treatment at an early stage are essential for minimizing damage and mortality.

Hospitalizations for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Brazil: a parallel with vaccination.

This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 hospitalizations in a tertiary hospital by age group and month, considering the introduction and the advance of the vaccination against the disease. The laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among people aged 20 years or older, that occurred between March 2020 and June 2021, were distributed by month of symptom onset and age group. The proportion of hospitalizations by age group was calculated for the year 2021. The proportions were compared using the chi-square test for trends. The marks of vaccination advances among different age groups were taken from the official website LocalizaSUS. In 2020, hospitalizations among people aged 60-80 years old were the most frequent (39.1%). From January-June 2021, when the vaccination commenced, while hospitalizations of patients aged 20 to < 40 and 40 to 60 years old showed an increasing trend, the older age groups and those with vaccination recommendations (from 60 to < 80 and from 80 or over) showed a downward trend. As of June 2021, with widespread vaccination, a drop in hospitalizations was observed in > 60 years old. At 20 to <40 and 40 to < 60, an increase in hospitalizations was observed. It demonstrates the important role of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of chronic cardiovascular disease on COVID-19 clinical course.

Background: According to previous univariate analyses, chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been associated with worse prognoses in severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, in the presence of a complex system, such as a human organism, the use of multivariate analyses is more appropriate and there are still few studies with this approach. Aim: Using a significant sample of patients hospitalized in a single center, this study aimed to evaluate, whether the presence of CVD was an independent factor in death due to COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We also aimed to identify the clinical and laboratory predictors of death in an isolated group of cardiac patients. Methods: This case-control study was conducted with patients admitted to a tertiary hospital and affected by COVID-19 in 2020. Variables were collected from the Brazilian surveillance system of hospitalized cases (SIVEP-Gripe) and electronic medical records. Multivariate logistic regressions with backward elimination were performed to analyze, whether CVD was an independent risk factor for death, and variables with P < 0.05 remained in the final model. Results: A total of 2675 patients were analyzed. The median age was 60.4 years, and 55.33% of the patients were male. Odds ratios showed that age (OR 1.059), male sex (OR 1.471), Down syndrome (OR 54.980), diabetes (OR 1.626), asthma (OR 1.995), immunosuppression (OR 2.871), obesity (OR 1.432), chronic lung disease (OR 1.803), kidney disease (OR 1.789), and neurological diseases (OR 2.515) were independently associated with death. Neither the presence of heart disease nor the isolated analysis of each chronic CVD element (systemic arterial hypertension, congenital heart disease, previous acute myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery, obstructive coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and pacemaker use) showed as independent risk factors for death. However, an analysis restricted to 489 patients with chronic CVD showed troponin T (TnT) as an independent predictor of death (OR 4.073). Conclusions: Neither chronic CVD nor its subcomponents proved to be independent risk factors for death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A TnT level of 14 pg/mL was associated with a higher occurrence of death in the isolated group of patients with chronic heart disease. Relevance for Patients: Patients with chronic CVD may require more attention in the context of COVID-19 due to higher proportions of these individuals having a more severe progression of disease. However, regarding mortality in these patients, further studies should be conducted concerning comorbidities and acute myocardial injury.

Hospitalizations for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Brazil: a parallel with vaccination

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 hospitalizations in a tertiary hospital by age group and month, considering the introduction and the advance of the vaccination against the disease. The laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among people aged 20 years or older, that occurred between March 2020 and June 2021, were distributed by month of symptom onset and age group. The proportion of hospitalizations by age group was calculated for the year 2021. The proportions were compared using the chi-square test for trends. The marks of vaccination advances among different age groups were taken from the official website LocalizaSUS. In 2020, hospitalizations among people aged 60-80 years old were the most frequent (39.1%). From January-June 2021, when the vaccination commenced, while hospitalizations of patients aged 20 to < 40 and 40 to 60 years old showed an increasing trend, the older age groups and those with vaccination recommendations (from 60 to < 80 and from 80 or over) showed a downward trend. As of June 2021, with widespread vaccination, a drop in hospitalizations was observed in > 60 years old. At 20 to <40 and 40 to < 60, an increase in hospitalizations was observed. It demonstrates the important role of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

Excess mortality is associated with influenza A (H1N1) in patients with severe acute respiratory illness.

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections caused by viruses are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The inflammatory response that follows viral infection is important for the control of virus proliferation. However, if overwhelming, may be associated with complicated outcomes. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the clinical characteristics of patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) evolving to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the factors related to death. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study in 273 adult patients with SARI performed in a university-affiliated 800-bed hospital serving an area of epidemiologic vigilance of 102 municipalities and more than 2 million inhabitants. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (A/H1N1), influenza A H3N2, and influenza B were tested in all patients by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The overall hospital mortality rate was 17.6%. A total of 30.4% of patients tested positive for influenza A/H1N1. Patients with SARI that evolved to ARDS took significantly longer to take the first dose of oseltamivir (6.0 vs 1.0 days, p=0.002). Patients with H1N1 positive tests had almost 3 times higher probability of death, despite having significantly less comorbidities (p=0.027). The influenza A/H1N1 pdm09 vaccine reduced the odds of death by 78%. Nonsurvivors had a more intense inflammatory response than did survivors at 48 h (C-reactive protein: 31.0 ± 17.5 vs. 14.6 ± 8.9 mg/dl, p=0.001) as well as a more positive fluid balance. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital mortality associated with influenza H1N1-associated SARI and ARDS continued to be high years after the 2009 pandemic in a population with low vaccine coverage. Antiviral treatment started more than two days after onset of symptoms was more frequently associated with ARDS and death and, having had vaccine against influenza A (H1N1) was a factor independently related to survival.

Necessidades de adolescentes atendidos em unidades básicas de saúde do município de São José do Rio Preto e as suas demandas para o cuidado em saúde: encontros e desencontros / Adolescent needs in primary health care services in the city of São José do Rio Preto and their requirements concerning the care about health: agreements and disagreements

A adolescência é considerada um dos estágios do desenvolvimento humano, apresentando características específicas a partir dos quais se derivam necessidades de saúde. As teorias sobre esta fase da vida nos diversos campos do conhecimento como Antropologia, Sociologia, Psicologia, Medicina e outros, contribuíram na compreensão destas necessidades. Diante da amplitude e complexidade que reveste a adolescência na sociedade atual, o estudo possibilitou a aproximação a alguns aspectos relevantes para a saúde dos adolescentes. A organização dos serviços de saúde influiu tanto na percepção dessas necessidades, como no atendimento desses carecimentos. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender necessidades de saúde dos adolescentes atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde tal como expressas nas demandas traduzidas pelos adolescentes, familiares dos adolescentes e profissionais que atendem os adolescentes no município de São José do Rio Preto. A metodologia adotada foi de natureza qualitativa, com a utilização da técnica de Grupo Focal. O instrumento do estudo foi um roteiro com temas indutores (saúde, necessidades de saúde, ajuda recebida nestas necessidades, facilidades ou dificuldades nessa ajuda e expectativas em relação à ajuda). Foram realizados reuniões com nove grupos (três de cada categoria - adolescentes, familiares de adolescentes e profissionais de saúde que cuidam de adolescentes). As reuniões foram gravadas, constituindo-se no material empírico analisado, após a desgravação, com o desenvolvimento de matrizes temáticas. Buscou-se apreender as percepções dos sujeitos sobre necessidades de saúde, expressas como demandas para os serviços de saúde. Foi entendido como demanda a busca por ajuda nos serviços de saúde. As percepções de saúde e doença apreendidas nas narrativas dos participantes trouxeram aspectos de situações de saúde e de adoecimento, porém predominaram as de saúde na promoção e prevenção. Foram identificadas similaridades e contrastes...

Adolescence is considered one of the periods of the human development, presenting specific characteristics from which health needs are derived. Theories about this life stage in several fields of knowledge such as Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Medicine, to name a few, contributed to the understanding of those needs. Faced with the amplitude and the complexity which, nowadays, adolescence consists of, this study made possible the proximity to some important aspects to the adolescent health. The organization of the health care services influenced both on the perception of the adolescent needs and on their treatment. The purpose of this study is to understand the health needs of adolescents treated in Primary Health Care Services as they were reported by adolescents, their families and professionals who treat them in the city of São José do Rio Preto. The nature of the methodology adopted was qualitative using the Focus Group technique. The instrument of the present study was a topic-guided questionnaire (talking about health, health needs, treatment received regarding those needs, easiness or difficulties in the treatment and expectations concerning it). It was held meetings with nine groups (three of each category adolescents, their families and professionals who treat them). The meetings were recorded, consisting of the empirical data analyzed after being transcribed, with topics being identified from them. It was intended to recognize the perception of the subjects of the study over health needs, expressed as requirements to health care services. It was meant as requirement the search for health care services. The perceptions of health and sickness taken in the narratives of the interviewed people raised issues about health situations and illness, although being predominant issues on health as promotion and prevention. It was identified similarities and differences among the narratives of adolescents, parents and professionals, taking...

Investigação de casos de varicela no Hospital Universitário da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (SP), 2005 / Varicella investigation in the academial hospital of São José do Rio Preto College of Medicine (SP) 2005

A varicela é uma doença infectocontagiosa altamente transmissível causada pelo vírus varicela-zoster. Assume maior importância quando acomete imunodeprimidos e pacientes internados, que podem desenvolver doença grave ou fatal. Em agosto de 2005, um hospital universitário de grande porte de São José do Rio Preto (SP) notificou um provável surto de varicela intra-hospitalar com três óbitos. O objetivo dessa investigação foi conhecer a real magnitude da varicela nesse hospital, confirmar um possível surto intra-hospitalar e estabelecer medidas de controle. As fontes de informação foram: busca ativa de prontuários, entrevistas de funcionários, contato com pacientes após a alta e investigação das unidades de emergência por onde passaram os casos de varicela. Após extensa investigação das fontes de infecção de 31 casos no período de 2 de julho até 8 de outubro de 2005, evidenciou-se a transmissão intra-hospitalar da doença, acometendo quatro pacientes e oito funcionários. Tal fato pode ter sido um reflexo do aumento de casos da doença na comunidade, aliado a uma alta taxa de suscetíveis entre os profissionais de saúde. A partir da detecção dos primeiros casos, diversas medidas foram desencadeadas: notificação e investigação oportuna de novos casos, vacinação contra a varicela ou imunoglobulina, quando indicada, reforço às normas de isolamento, afastamento dos funcionários infectados, divulgação ampla do surto aos profissionais de saúde e integração entre as equipes hospitalares, municipais, regionais e estaduais. Tais medidas viabilizaram o controle da transmissão da varicela num hospital de referência regional.