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1.
Animals (Basel) ; 14(2)2024 Jan 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38254387

RESUMO

A survey to determine the presence of Mycobacterium spp. in the Abruzzo and Molise regions was conducted by testing samples from 124 badgers found dead or road-killed during the 2013-2021 period. Head lymph nodes were collected from all carcasses, as well as mediastinal lymph nodes from 20 of them, for bacteriological and molecular tests; tissues were inoculated onto a set of solid egg-based Lowenstein-Jensen media and in a liquid culture system (BACTEC) and were analyzed by polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Organs and lymph nodes from 31 carcasses were collected for histological tests. During post-mortem examinations, macroscopic lesions consistent with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections were not detected. Mycobacteria were isolated from four animals (3.22%). M. avium subsp. avium was isolated by head lymph nodes from two badgers (1.61%), M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (0.80%) from one, and Mycobacterium spp. from another (0.80%). The significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in wildlife hosts in the absence of clinical signs and gross pathology has yet to be assessed. The most critical aspect came from isolates belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex infection in wildlife due to the possible interference with tuberculin skin tests in cattle.

2.
Vet Ital ; 58(1): 59-66, 2022 11 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36398668

RESUMO

Campylobacteriosis has been the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in Europe. The scientific literature has reported that the role of dogs may be relevant. The objectives of this work are to improve the knowledge about Campylobacter spp. carriage, infection and antimicrobial resistance in household and shelter dogs in Italy, and to assess risk factors at the dog/human interface. During the 2015­2016 period, rectal swabs were collected from 431 household vet­visiting dogs and 173 dogs housed in shelters. A total of 3 veterinary clinics, located in three Italian regions (Abruzzo, Molise and Tuscany) and 10 shelters, five in Abruzzo and five in Molise, were included in the study. Relevant risk factors for the transmission of Campylobacter spp. from dogs to humans were assessed by means of a questionnaire administered to owners of household dogs. For Campylobacter spp. isolation, selective cultivation methods were used, followed by confirmation and species identification with the PCR method. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles assayed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing were combined. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 9 household dogs (2.1% CI 1.1% ­ 3.9%) and from 13 shelter dogs (7.5 % CI 4.5% ­ 12.4%). In household dogs C. jejuni was the most represented species (0.9%). In shelter dogs, the most common species was C. jejuni (5.2%). Campylobacter spp. isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (22.73%), nalidixic acid (22.73%), tetracyclines (27.27%), streptomycin (9.09%) and erythromycin (4.55%). The main C. jejuni Clonal Complex identified in dogs were CC21, CC45, CC206, CC403, CC42 and CC658. The risk of contracting Campylobacteriosis from dogs remains a concrete reality. This risk is increased in the presence of common habits, as shown by the data from the questionnaire. Prevalence control of Campylobacter spp. in household and shelter dogs would be important in order to reduce the transmission to humans.


Assuntos
Infecções por Campylobacter , Campylobacter jejuni , Campylobacter , Doenças do Cão , Cães , Animais , Humanos , Infecções por Campylobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/veterinária , Propriedade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Antibacterianos
3.
Microorganisms ; 10(8)2022 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36014064

RESUMO

Abortion in livestock is a public health burden, and the cause of economic losses for farmers. Abortion can be multifactorial, and a deep diagnostic investigation is important to reduce the spread of zoonotic disease and public health prevention. In our study, a multidisciplinary investigation was conducted to address the cause of increased abortion and lamb mortality on a farm, which detected a co-infection of Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii. Hence, it was possible to conclude that this was the reason for a reduced flock health status and the cause of an increased abortion rate. Furthermore, the investigation work and identification of the L. monocytogenes infection root allowed the reduction of economic loss.

4.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 28(9): 1933-1935, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35997472

RESUMO

Canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) are variants of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1. We identified and characterized FPV in dogs from Italy and Egypt using genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Cost-effective sequencing strategies should be used to monitor interspecies spread, evolution dynamics, and potential host jumping of FPV.


Assuntos
Panleucopenia Felina , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Egito/epidemiologia , Panleucopenia Felina/epidemiologia , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Filogenia
5.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl ; 15: 195-198, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34136345

RESUMO

Within the genus Trichinella, Trichinella pseudospiralis is the only recognized non-encapsulated species known to infect mammals and birds. In October 2020, larvae recovered from muscle tissues of a wolf (Canis lupus italicus) originating from Molise Region, Central Italy, were molecularly confirmed as those of Trichinella britovi and T. pseudospiralis. This is the first detection of T. pseudospiralis from a wolf. In Italy, this zoonotic nematode was detected in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes), three birds (Strix aluco, Athene noctua, Milvus milvus) and five wild boars (Sus scrofa), and was also identified as the etiological agent of a human outbreak of trichinellosis in 2015. Since T. pseudospiralis is rarely reported from carnivore mammals in comparison to the encapsulated species frequently detected in these hosts, this finding opens the question of the role of carnivores as reservoirs for this parasite.

6.
Microorganisms ; 8(9)2020 Sep 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32932776

RESUMO

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emergent zoonotic pathogen, causing worldwide acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. HEV comprises eight genotypes and several subtypes. HEV genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV3 and HEV4) are zoonotic. In Italy, the most part of HEV infections (80%) is due to autochthonous HEV3 circulation of the virus, and the key role played by wild animals is generally accepted. Abruzzo is an Italian region officially considered an HEV "hot spot", with subtype HEV3-c being up to now the only one reported among wild boars. During the year 2018-2019, a group of wild boars in Abruzzo were screened for HEV; positive RNA liver samples were subjected to HEV characterization by using the whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach methodology. This represents the first report about the detection of HEV-3 subtypes e and f in the wild boar population in this area. Since in Italy human infections from HEV 3-e and f have been associated with pork meat consumption, our findings deserve more in-depth analysis with the aim of evaluating any potential correlation between wild animals, the pork chain production and HEV human infections.

7.
Vet Ital ; 55(3): 203-220, 2019 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31599545

RESUMO

Increasing antimicrobial resistance in both medicine and agriculture is recognised as a major emerging public health concern. Since 2005, campylobacteriosis has been the most zoonotic disease reported in humans in the European Union. Human infections due to Campylobacter spp. primarily comes from food. However, the human-animal interface is a potential space for the bidirectional movement of zoonotic agents, including antimicrobial resistant strains. Dogs have been identified as carriers of the Campylobacter species and their role as a source of infection for humans has been demonstrated. Furthermore, dogs may play an important role as a reservoir of resistant bacteria or resistance genes. Human beings may also be a reservoir of Campylobacter spp. for their pets. This review analyses the current literature related to the risk of Campylobacter antimicrobial resistance at the dog-human interface.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/veterinária , Campylobacter/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Animais , Infecções por Campylobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Humanos , Saúde Única , Medição de Risco
8.
Vet Ital ; 55(4): 369-373, 2019 12 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31955560

RESUMO

An outbreak of neurological disorders in a flock of 20 sheep coming from a rural farm in Civitella Roveto, Italy, occurred in winter 2015. All the animals showed tonic-clonic convulsions followed by muscle paralysis associated with dilated pupils, tremor, tachycardia, tachypnea and diarrhea. The presence of bundles of dry broom of Spartium junceum L. in the feed, eaten by the animals supported the hypothesis of plant intoxication. Two animals died after worsening of clinical signs. The anatomopathological findings and the laboratory results ruled out viral or bacterial infections or accidental exposure to other toxics. Phytochemical study showed the presence of large amount of cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, in all parts of the plant eaten by the animals. Clinical and pathological findings, the complete remission of clinical signs after the exclusion of dry broom from the diet, together with the results of phytochemical analyses results corroborated the hypothesis of S. junceum L. intoxication.


Assuntos
Alcaloides/intoxicação , Ração Animal/intoxicação , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Spartium/intoxicação , Animais , Azocinas/intoxicação , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Itália , Masculino , Intoxicação por Plantas/diagnóstico , Quinolizinas/intoxicação , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/induzido quimicamente
9.
Vet Ital ; 54(1): 63-72, 2018 Mar 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29631316

RESUMO

Bartonellae are emerging vector-borne pathogens distributed worldwide that can cause various clinical symptoms in humans and animals, ranging from a mild flu-like illness to more severe manifestations such as endocarditis, myocarditis, arthritis, hepatitis, and arthralgia. Numerous mammalian species, including domestic animals such as dogs, cats, as well as humans, serve as reservoir hosts for various Bartonella species. The vectors play a central role in the transmission of these bacteria and pets and their ectoparasites can pose a serious risk of zoonoses. This paper reviews selected literature on important bartonellosis of dogs, cats, and humans with notes on transmission, vectors, pathogenesis, and diagnosis.


Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Animais , Infecções por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bartonella/transmissão , Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/transmissão , Gatos , Vetores de Doenças , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Cães , Humanos
10.
Vet Ital ; 53(2): 111-120, 2017 06 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28528535

RESUMO

Campylobacter spp. are ubiquitous bacteria and campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in Europe, since 2005. Handling or consuming contaminated/undercooked meat (especially poultry) are the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis. However, in recent years, the role of dogs as a source of infection for humans has been amply demonstrated. Approximately 6% of human campylobacteriosis cases are due to contact with pets. This review analyses the current literature related to risk factors at the dog-human interface.

11.
Vet Ital ; 53(4): 277-288, 2017 Dec 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29307121

RESUMO

Ectoparasitic insects play a major role in veterinary medicine. Fleas infest man and animals and are the most frequent external parasites of companion animals worldwide. Some species are known to be vectors of zoonotic pathogens. Dogs and cats may play an important role either as reservoir of some of the pathogens or as transport vehicles for infected eas between their natural reservoirs and human beings, thus playing a crucial step in the transmission cycle of ea-borne diseases. This article reviews relevant literature on morphology, classi cation, host speci city, geographical distribution, and seasonality of eas infesting dogs and cats in order to improve their timely identi cation, prevention, and control.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Gatos/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães/parasitologia , Infestações por Pulgas/parasitologia , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Sifonápteros/classificação , Animais , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Infestações por Pulgas/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Sifonápteros/anatomia & histologia , Sifonápteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento
12.
Vet Parasitol ; 231: 124-127, 2016 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27522469

RESUMO

During the period 2004-2014 in the Abruzzi region (Central Italy), muscle samples gathered from hunted wild boars (n=16,323) and retrieved from carcasses of other susceptible wild mammals (n=838) and birds (n=438) were tested for Trichinella larvae according to European Union regulations. Although no positive samples were found from wild birds, 91 wild mammals tested positive. Six species were found to harbor Trichinella spp. infections, namely wolf (Canis lupus, 59 positive samples out of 218), red fox (Vulpes vulpes, 24/480), wild boar (Sus scrofa, 3/16,323), stone marten (Martes foina, 2/27), pine marten (Martes martes, 2/6) and wildcat (Felis silvestris, 1/8). All isolates tested for species attribution belonged to Trichinella britovi. The overall prevalence was 0.52% (IC 95%: 0.4-0.6). The higher frequency of positive samples in wolf, compared to red fox, was statistically significant (p=0.001). In spite of the limited geographical area of investigation and the random nature of sampling, this study provides new data on the circulation of T. britovi in Italy. In particular, the highest prevalence being found among wolves allows us to consider this species as a sentinel for T. britovi infection in the investigated area, and probably also in other apennine regions, which is different from the alpine regions where the red fox was reputed as the primary reservoir of Trichinella spp. infection.


Assuntos
Trichinella/classificação , Triquinelose/veterinária , Lobos/parasitologia , Animais , Doenças Endêmicas/veterinária , Itália/epidemiologia , Triquinelose/parasitologia , Triquinelose/transmissão
13.
Euro Surveill ; 21(15)2016 Apr 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27105170

RESUMO

Monophasic variant of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (monophasic S. Typhimurium), with antigenic structure 1,4,[5],12:i:-, appears to be of increasing importance in Europe. In Italy, monophasic S. Typhimurium represented the third most frequent Salmonella serovar isolated from human cases between 2004 and 2008. From June 2013 to October 2014, a total of 206 human cases of salmonellosis were identified in Abruzzo region (Central Italy). Obtained clinical isolates characterised showed S. Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i:- with sole resistance to nalidixic acid, which had never been observed in Italy in monophasic S. Typhimurium, neither in humans nor in animals or foods. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations were conducted to try to identify the outbreak source. Cases were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire and microbiological tests were performed on human as well as environmental samples, including samples from fruit and vegetables, pigs, and surface water. Investigation results did not identify the final vehicle of human infection, although a link between the human cases and the contamination of irrigation water channels was suggested.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Vigilância da População , Salmonella typhi/classificação , Salmonella typhi/isolamento & purificação , Febre Tifoide/epidemiologia , Febre Tifoide/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Busca de Comunicante , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Especificidade da Espécie , Adulto Jovem
14.
Vet Ital ; 50(3): 177-84, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25273959

RESUMO

The retrospective study of the results of the analysed samples is a fundamental tool for the identification of major risk related to food and for planning future monitoring activities. The evaluation of the quality of data collected may also allow for estimating the effectiveness of the controls so to improve their efficacy. In this article, the authors evaluated the results of tests for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes performed by the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale' (IZSAM) on food samples collected during the years 2000-2009 in the territory of Avezzano, Sulmona and Castel di Sangro (province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy). The comparison of the data examined with those from studies conducted in Italy and in other countries shows that the categories with higher percentages of positivity for Listeria monocytogenes are meat and fish products. Data collected do not indicate cheese as a vehicle of contamination in the sampled areas, in contrast to what reported in the national and international literature. It would therefore be necessary to promote an ad hoc sampling in the areas covered by this study to verify this aspect in more depth.


Assuntos
Microbiologia de Alimentos , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Itália , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo
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