Rare eggshell structure in Odonata: Lindenia tetraphylla (Van der Linden) (Anisoptera: Gomphidae).

Lindenia tetraphylla (Van der Linden, 1825) eggs exhibit an egg structure that is very rare in other Gomphidae species. They have a well-developed surface reticulation structure. The anterior pole of the egg has a small, rounded micropylar area consisting of seven orifices arranged radially around a central area. The posterior pole has a sessile, truncated cone that carries 55-65 coiled filaments. The filament structure found at the posterior pole of the egg has been observed in the gomphid species Lestinogomphus africanus (Fraser, 1926), Ictinogomphus australis (Selys, 1873), and I. rapax (Rambur, 1842). However, L. tetraphylla eggs differ from these species in both morphology and filament structure. This study provides a detailed analysis of the ultrastructure of L. tetraphylla eggs using scanning electron microscopy, and the functional and taxonomic significance of the eggshell are discussed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The aim of this study is to examine the ultrastructure of the L. tetraphylla eggshell, emphasizing its function and taxonomic value. In this context, the general morphology of the egg, the reticulations on its surface, the micropylar region and micropylar structure, and the posterior filament coil were examined. In this study, the ultrastructure of L. tetraphylla egg was examined for the first time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result of the examination, it was detected for the first time that the posterior filament coil, which is rarely seen in odonate eggs, is also present in L. tetraphylla eggs. By comparing the L. tetraphylla egg with the eggs of I. ferox, I. rapax, I. australis, and L. africanus species, which are similar in terms of the posterior filament coil, the features that distinguish the L. tetraphylla egg.

An annotated catalogue of the mayfly fauna of Turkey (Insecta, Ephemeroptera).

The mayfly fauna of Turkey was reviewed including all hitherto known distribution records together with references and a few new records. Additionally, comments on taxonomy, identification and nomenclature are provided. Two species are new for the Turkish fauna: Ephemera romantzovi Kluge, 1988 and Thraulus thraker Jacob, 1988. A list of taxa including their recorded distribution in Turkey (according to provinces) is provided in the annotated catalogue. The type locality is also given for each species originally described from Turkey. According to the literature and the new records, 157 mayfly taxa representing 33 genera and 14 families were described from Turkey. Among them, 24 species are considered endemic to Anatolia.

Contribution to the knowledge of Turkish stoneflies with annotated catalogue (Insecta: Plecoptera).

The stoneflies of Turkey are reviewed providing all known distributions and including new records. Additionally, ecological and biogeographical notes are given. The genus Taeniopteryx Pictet 1841 is reported from Turkey for the first time and 12 species new for the Turkish fauna: Leuctra joosti Braasch 1970, L. kopetdaghi Zhiltzova 1972, Protonemura rauschi Theischinger 1975, P. strandschaensis Braasch & Joost 1972, Nemoura asceta Murányi 2007, N. cambrica Stephens 1836, N. uncinata Despax 1934, Taeniopteryx caucasica Zhiltzova 1981, Brachyptera risi (Morton 1896), Pontoperla katherinae (Balinsky 1950), Siphonoperla neglecta (Rostock 1881), and Bulgaroperla mirabilis nigrita Zwick 1978.          Protonemura bithynica Aubert 1964 and Nemoura turcica Zwick 1972 are recognized as full species. The previously unknown female of Leuctra marilouae Vinçon & Sivec 2001 is described. The type locality is also given for each species located in Turkey.          The distributions of several rare endemic species are augmented by additional new records (Leuctra aculeata Zwick 1982, L. brachyptera Kazanci 1985, L. karcali Vinçon & Sivec 2001, L. kurui Kazanci 1983, L. marilouae Vinçon & Sivec 2001, L. sipahilerae Vinçon & Sivec 2001, L. theischingeri Vinçon & Sivec 2001, Protonemura bacurianica bacurianica Zhiltzova 1957, P. oreas Martynov 1928, P. spinulata Martynov 1928 (first confirmed records from Anatolia), P. triangulata Martynov 1928, Nemoura dromokeryx Theischinger 1976, N. martynovia Claassen 1936, and Brachyptera berkii Kazanci 2001.          Several species previously reported only from females are excluded from the Turkish fauna: Leuctra minuta minuta Zhiltzova 1960, L. svanetica Zhiltzova 1960, P. dilatata Martynov 1928. Other species are also excluded from the Turkish fauna: L. fusca fusca (Linnaeus 1758), N. carpathica Illies 1963, Siphonoperla burmeisteri (Pictet 1841), and S. libanica Alouf, 1992.          According to literature and our new faunistic data, 117 stonefly taxa representing 7 families and 24 genera are known from Turkey. Among them, 44 are endemic species from Anatolia.