[Urinary continence after radial prostatectomy. Prognostic factors and recovery time]. / Continencia urinaria tras prostatectomía radical. Factores pronósticos y tiempo de recuperación.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the urinary continence after radical prostatectomy and its evolution over time. To analyse possible prognosis factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have reviewed 101 patients that have undergone radical prostatectomy. We define "continent patient" as that one who doesn't require any type of urinary protection. By means of Kaplan-Meier method, we evaluate the recovery of continence along time. We analyze potential conditional factors (age, stage, surgery technique, surgery experience,...). The statistical tools used are: chi-square, Fisher, Cox regression, T-test and Kaplan-Meier. RESULTS: Median monitoring time: 27.33 months. 80% are continent patients, 48.7% of which reach maximum continence before the 3rd, month is due and 17.5% after the 6 months (2.5% between 9-12 months). Their probability of becoming "continents" during the first 4 months es 0.4692. patients under 70 years old recover continence before those who are over 70 years old (medians: 3.51 months and 5.67 months respectively, p = 0.0211). CONCLUSIONS: The recovery of continence takes place progressively and a 17.5% of patients reach plain recovery in the 6-12 months period after surgery. The evaluation of the surgery treatment to correct incontinence should consider the possibility of "spontaneous" recovery in a 2.5% of patients in the 9-12 months period after surgery. Age affects negatively the recovery time; it is significantly less for patients under 70.

Continencia urinaria tras prostatectomía radical. Factores pronósticos y tiempo de recuperación / Radical extracorporeal lithotripsy cause hearing loss?

OBJETIVOS: Valorar la continencia urinaria tras prostatectomía radical (P.R.) y su evolución en el tiempo. Analizar posibles factores pronósticos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisamos 101 pacientes sometidos a P.R. Definimos como "paciente continente" aquel que no precisa ningún tipo de protección urinaria. Mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier se evalúa la recuperación de la continencia en el tiempo. Se analizan potenciales factores condicionantes (edad, estadio, técnica quirúrgica, experiencia quirúrgica...). análisis estadístico: Kaplan-Meier, chi-cuadrado, Fisher, t-test y regresión de Cox. RESULTADOS: Mediana de seguimiento: 27,33 meses. El 80 por ciento son continentes, adquiriendo la máxima continencia un 48,7 por ciento antes de los 3 meses, y un 17,5 por ciento después de los 6 meses (2,5 por ciento entre 9-12 meses). La probabilidad de que se hagan continentes durante los primeros 4 meses es del 0,4692. los pacientes < 70 años recuperan la continencia antes que los >70 años (mediana 3,51 meses y 5,67 meses respectivamente, p = 0,0211).CONCLUSIONES: La recuperación de continencia se establece progresivamente, mejorando hasta un 17,5 por ciento de pacientes entre los 6-12 meses. La valoración de tratamiento quirúrgico para corregir la incontinencia debe considerar la posibilidad de mejoría espontánea en el 2,5 por ciento de pacientes entre los 9-12 meses. La edad influye en el tiempo de adquisición de continencia, siendo menor en < 70 años (AU)

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Aragón, Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to investigate their associated cardiovascular risk factors in Aragón, Spain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study with stratified and purposive sampling of residents aged 10-74 years. A sample of 935 subjects (427 men and 508 women) was selected. All except those with a previous history of diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used for diagnosis of undiagnosed diabetes and IGT. Plasma lipid levels, blood pressure, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio were also measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and IGT was 3.1, 3.0, and 7.2%, respectively. In the age range of 30-64 years, the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes (using the world population of Segi) was 7.1% in men and 5.6% in women. Both diabetes and IGT were associated with high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol levels, and overweight and upper-body fat distribution. Only upper-body fat distribution in women was significantly higher in subjects with diabetes than in subjects with IGT. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes in Aragón was moderately high (6.1%) and comparable with that reported in other white populations around the world. The proportion of unknown cases of diabetes was nearly 50%. Cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes and IGT supported the existence of an insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome, but there were not sufficient differences between diabetes and IGT to suggest a possible pathogenetic relation of hyperinsulinemia and associated risk factors.