Synthesis of Chiral Allylic Esters by Using the New Recyclable Chiral Heterogeneous Oxazoline-Based Catalysts.

A new class of recyclable supported chiral heterogeneous ligands has been synthesized by the reaction of functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 with aliphatic- and aromatic-substituted chiral amino oxazoline ligands. The obtained chiral heterogeneous ligands were characterized by several techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and BET-BJH. The application of these new heterogeneous ligands in copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic oxidation of olefins by using perester showed better yields up to 95% and better enantioselectivities up to 96% compared to the corresponding homogeneous catalysts. These findings can be considered as an important step in the advancement of green chemistry. Investigation of the recyclability of the catalysts confirmed that they were easily recovered and reused eight times without significant losses in reactivity, yield, and enantioselectivity.

Coronary arteries bypass grafting surgery in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) in elderly patients has been increasing. There are contradictory reports on the early outcome of elderly coronary artery patients as compared with their young counterparts. We designed this retrospective study to address this issue. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the results of 1489 on-pump CABG cases performed at our hospital during a 4.5-year period. Perioperative data such as demographic, medical, clinical, operative, and postoperative variables were collected and compared between patients 70 years old or younger (Group A, n = 1164) and patients above 70 years of age (Group B, n = 325). Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test for the continuous and the X(2) tests for the categorical variables. Significant variables according to the univariate analysis (X(2) and t-test) were further analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The variables of weight (P value < 0.001), preoperative PO2 (P value = 0.005), ejection fraction > 30% (P value = 0.001), body surface area (P value = 0.003), and hypercholesterolemia (P value = 0.007) were higher in Group A, whereas preoperative myocardial infarction (P value < 0.001), postoperative low cardiac output syndrome (P value = 0.019), emergent surgery (P value = 0.003), inotropic drug use (P value < 0.001), preoperative heparin use (P value < 0.001), re-exploration for bleeding (P value = 0.015), hospital stay (P value < 0.001), low ejection fraction (≤ 30%) (P value = 0.001), preoperative creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl (P value < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P value < 0.001), intra-aortic balloon pump use (P value < 0.001), infection (P value < 0.001), pulmonary complications (P value < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (P value < 0.001), postoperative renal complications (P value < 0.001), and death (P value = 0.012) were more frequent in Group B. CONCLUSION: CABG in the elderly patients had certain surgical risks such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, preoperative myocardial infarction, emergent surgery, and death. Also, postoperative complications such as pulmonary complications, inotropic drug use, intra-aortic balloon pump use, and infection were more frequent in the elderly than in the younger patients.