RESUMO
IntroductionHealthcare workers have a high risk of cross-infection during the care of Covid-19 cases. Personal protective equipment can reduce the risk. However, healthcare workers must be trained for the proper use of personal protective equipment to decrease exposure risk. This study aimed to investigate whether videos available on YouTube, presenting procedures of donning and doffing personal protective equipment, can be a useful learning resource for healthcare workers.MethodsA search of YouTube was conducted using the keywords Covid-19, personal protective equipment, donning, doffing. Two investigators reviewed each video and collected the basic video information. Total videos were assessed independently as educationally useful and non-useful categories using a valid tool. The relationship of each video's usefulness with viewers preferences and the upload source were analyzed.ResultsA total of 300 videos were assessed; 66 (22%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Total video scores of educationally useful videos were higher than non-useful ones; the differences were significant. Healthcare/government agencies and hospitals mostly created educationally useful videos, e-learning platforms, and individuals mainly created non-useful videos. Significant correlations were observed between the video's usefulness and the total view and views per day.ConclusionsDuring a pandemic, YouTube might be a resource for learning donning and doffing of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers if an appropriate selection process applied for determining educationally useful videos.
IntroducciónLos trabajadores de la salud tienen un alto riesgo de infección cruzada durante la atención de los casos de COVID-19. El equipo de protección personal puede reducir el riesgo. Sin embargo, los trabajadores de la salud deben estar capacitados para el uso adecuado del equipo de protección personal para disminuir el riesgo de exposición. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar si los videos disponibles en YouTube, que presentan procedimientos para ponerse y quitarse el equipo de protección personal, pueden ser un recurso de aprendizaje útil para los trabajadores de la salud.MétodosSe realizó una búsqueda en YouTube utilizando las palabras clave «COVID-19, equipo de protección personal, ponerse, quitarse». Dos investigadores revisaron cada video y recopilaron la información básica del mismo. Los videos totales se evaluaron de forma independiente como categorías educativas útiles y no útiles utilizando una herramienta válida. Se analizó la relación de la utilidad de cada video con las preferencias de los espectadores y la fuente de carga.ResultadosSe evaluaron un total de 300 videos; 66 (22%) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los puntajes totales de videos útiles para la educación fueron más altos que los no útiles; las diferencias fueron significativas. Las agencias de salud/gubernamentales y los hospitales en su mayoría crearon videos útiles para la educación, plataformas de aprendizaje electrónico y las personas crearon principalmente videos no útiles. Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre la utilidad del video, la vista total y las vistas por día.ConclusionesDurante una pandemia, YouTube podría ser un recurso para aprender a ponerse y quitarse el equipo de protección personal para los trabajadores de la salud si se aplica un proceso de selección apropiado para determinar videos útiles desde el punto de vista educativo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ciências da Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Pandemias , Betacoronavirus , Riscos Ocupacionais , Educação em Saúde , Doenças TransmissíveisRESUMO
In this prospective trial, we investigate the effectiveness of maternal Body Roundness Index in predicting the spread of spinal anaesthesia and vasopressor requirement in parturients receiving spinal anaesthesia during the elective caesarean section. We prospectively enrolled 175 parturients. Spinal anaesthesia performed with 10 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine at the L3-L4 intervertebral space and the optimal cut-off points of the BRI evaluated as 6.59 by receiver operating characteristic analysis calculating area under the curve. Parturients were divided into two groups with BRI <6.59 and BRI ≥6.59 for analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test for a relationship between variables and maximum sensory block level and vasopressor requirement. BRI was found as an independent risk factor associated with maximum sensory block level (OR = 1.378, 95% CI: 1.125-1.687, p = 0.002). Hypotension and bradycardia events after spinal anaesthesia was not associated with BRI and other variables. The present study indicates that BRI was a practical tool to predict spinal drug distribution in term parturients undergoing caesarean delivery.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Spinal anaesthesia is a commonly used anaesthetic technique for the caesarean section. However, the spinal drug distribution is highly unpredictable. Anthropometric variables may predict the intrathecal drug distribution in parturients. Body Roundness Index (BRI) captures body circumference regarding height to predict body fat percentage, consider the shape of the human body as an ellipse. An ellipsoid body shape might affect the spread of spinal anaesthesia.What do the results of this study add? Our results show that the BRI was as an independent risk factor associated with maximum sensory block level in term parturients undergoing caesarean delivery.What are the implications of these findings for future clinical practice and/or further research? A future study would present the possibility to design a formula for the exact amount of local anaesthetic to be used in spinal anaesthesia with the aid of maternal BRI.
Assuntos
Anestesia Obstétrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Raquianestesia/estatística & dados numéricos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Tamanho Corporal , Cesárea , Adulto , Anestesia Obstétrica/métodos , Raquianestesia/métodos , Antropometria , Área Sob a Curva , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Vértebras Lombares , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Valores de Referência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Murmurs are abnormal audible heart sounds produced by turbulent blood flow. Therefore, murmurs in a child may be a source of anxiety for family members. Families often use online materials to explore possible reasons for these murmurs, given the accessibility of information on the Internet. In this study, we evaluated the quality, understandability, readability, and popularity of online materials about heart murmur. METHODS: An Internet search was performed for "heart murmur" using the Google search engine. The global quality score (on a scale of 1 to 5, corresponding to poor to excellent quality) and Health on the Net code were used to measure the quality of information presented. The understandability of the web pages identified was measured using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (score range from 0 to 100%, scores below 70% reflect poor performance). The readability of each web pages was assessed using four validated indices: the Flesch Reading Ease Score, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, the Gunning Frequency of Gobbledygook, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook. The ALEXA traffic tool was used to reference domains' popularity and visibility. RESULTS: We identified 230 English-language patient educational materials that discussed heart murmur. After exclusion, a total of 86 web pages were evaluated for this study. The average global quality score was 4.34 (SD = 0.71; range from 3 to 5) indicating that the quality of information of most websites was good. Only 14 (16.3%) websites had Health on the Net certification. The mean understandability score for all Internet-based patient educational materials was 74.6% (SD = 12.8%; range from 31.2 to 93.7%). A score suggesting these Internet-based patient educational materials were "easy to understand". The mean readability levels of all patient educational materials were higher than the recommended sixth-grade reading level, according to all indices applied. This means that the level of readability is difficult. The average grade level for all web pages was 10.4 ± 1.65 (range from 7.53 to 14.13). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade level was 10 ± 1.81, the Gunning Frequency of Gobbledygook level was 12.1 ± 1.85, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook level was 9.1 ± 1.38. The average Flesch Reading Ease Score was 55 ± 9.1 (range from 32.4 to 72.9). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that web pages describing heart murmurs were understandable and high quality. However, the readability level of the websites was above the recommended sixth-grade reading level. Readability of written materials from online sources need to be improved. However, care must be taken to ensure that the information of web pages is of a high quality and understandable.
