[Strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens 3 and Arthrobacter sp. 2--degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]. / Shtamy Pseudomonas fluorescens 3 ta Arthrobacter sp. 2--destruktory politsyklichnykh aromatychnykh vuglevodniv.

Pseudomonas fluorescences 3 and Arthrobacter sp. 2 strains were isolated from the association of microorganisms--destructors of oil hydrocarbons and were selected for their ability to grow on media with phenanthrene as the only source of carbon and energy. The P. fluorescens 3 strain is able to grow on naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene. Arthrobacter sp. 2 strain did not grow on naphthalene, but was able to destruct phenanthrene and fluorene. The destruction activity of these strains both in pure and mixed culture towards the latter compounds has been studied. The both strains destructed phenanthrene added into the medium in the amount of 0.2 g/l, and phenanthrene destruction by Pseudomonas fluorescences 3 achieved 98.5% in 6 days and that by Arthrobacter sp. 93.5% in 23 days. Bacterial growth has been evaluated while measuring protein concentration in samples. Bacteria were inoculated in quantities equivalent to 0.0015-0.0020 mg protein/l. The cell protein concentration achieved 35-40 mg/l for Pseudomonas fluorescences 3, and 85-92 mg/l for Arthrobacter sp. by the end of incubation.

[Degradation of alkylsulfates by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture immobilized on a polyvinyl alcohol fiber]. / Razrushenie alkilsul'fatov kul'turoi Pseudomonas aeruginosa, immobilizovannoi na polivinilspirtovom volokne.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells capable of destroying alkyl sulfates, anionic surfactants, were immobilised on activated polyvinyl alcohol fibres. The immobilised cells could decompose SDS. When the immobilised cells were used repeatedly, their biomass increased but the activity hardly changed.

[Properties of a bacterial enzyme preparation of alkylsulfatase]. / Svoistva bakterial'nogo fermentnogo preparata alkilsul'fatazy.

A preparation of primary alkyl sulfatase was obtained from the culture of Pseudomonas species 2T/1. It can hydrolyze alkyl sulfates, which belong to anion surface-active compounds, to sulfate ion and fatty alcohol, and as a result the harmful for biosphere property of the surface activity is gone. pH and temperature of the incubation mixture, the presence of ions of some bivalent metals and components of synthetic detergents (SD), composition of the buffer mixture and substrate concentration affect the rate of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) hydrolysis. The alkyl sulfatase preparation is relatively stable. The maximum rate of SDS hydrolysis was found to be at 70 degrees C. The preparation catalyzes the hydrolysis of some alkyl sulfate homologues and industrial alkyl sulfates. The temperature optimum of the preparation is 40 degrees C, the pH-optimum is 8.0-9.0.

[Products of bacterial destruction of sodium dodecyl sulphate]. / Izuchenie produktov bakterial'nogo razlozheniia dodetsilsul'fata natriia.

The products of Na dodecyl sulphate destruction by the three bacterial cultures--Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Flavobacterium devorans, Achromobacter guttatus--were examined. The cultures were shown to decompose Na dodecyl sulphate in a similar way. The primary mechanism of destruction was found to be hydrolysis of the sulpho-ester bond in the molecule, leading to the separation of sulphate-ion and formation of dodecanol. Products of bacterial destruction of alkyl sulphates did not show foam forming capacity.

[Microorganisms that break down alkyl sulfates]. / Mikroorganizmy, razrushaiushchie alkilsul'faty.

The following bacteria assimilating alkyl sulphates as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from various substrates: Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Citrobacter, Enterobacter. The bacteria decomposed sodium dodecyl sulphate at a high rate, and some of them, industrial preparations of alkyl sulphates. The ability to assimilate alkyl sulphates was tested in 257 collection cultures belonging to different taxonomic groups. Alkyl sulphates were found to be decomposed by heterotrophous gram-negative rod-like bacteria belonging to different families and genera. The frequency of bacteria destroying alkyl sulphates at a high rate was found most often in the Pseudomonas genus.