RESUMO
Background: Gingival lesions in oral lichen planus can indirectly increase the risk of plaque-induced periodontal disease when symptoms associated with such lesions hamper the proper oral hygiene maintenance by the patients and can increase the risk of periodontal tissue destruction. This systematic review analyses the existing evidence on the association between oral lichen planus and periodontal disease. Aim: This systematic review of case-control studies aimed to analyse the association between periodontal disease and oral lichen planus. Material and Methods: An electronic database search for randomised controlled trials, experimental studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies published in peer-reviewed Journals in the English language was conducted from the following databases: PubMed, EBSCOHost, Science Open, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 12,507 were identified on an electronic database search. Only eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included for quantitative analysis. A data extraction sheet was prepared, and studies were analysed. Conclusion: Bleeding on Probing and Probing depth were seen to be significantly associated with Oral Lichen Planus. The symptoms in Oral Lichen Planus impede efficient oral hygiene maintenance by a patient and predispose them to the occurrence of long-term Periodontal Disease.
RESUMO
Background: Melanin is the predominant pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, iris of eyes, and oral mucosa. Tyrosinase (TYR) is the key enzyme involved in melanin synthesis. Studies in dermatology have shown a positive correlation between TYR enzyme levels and melanin pigmentation of the skin. However, no study has been conducted to assess TYR levels in the gingiva. Hence the present study was conducted to assess TYR levels in gingival melanin hyperpigmentation. Aim: To assess the TYR gene expression in gingiva in individuals with moderate to severe gingival melanin hyperpigmentation. Methodology: Subjects with a chief complaint of blackish appearance of gums with an unesthetic smile were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained. Scaling and root planning were done and subjects were recalled after 2 weeks. The gingival depigmentation procedure was performed using the conventional scalpel technique under adequate local anesthesia. The selected sites underwent conventional gingival depigmentation technique using Bard-Parker handle no: 3 and blade no: 11. The excised layer of epithelium along with a thin layer of underlying connective was sent to the laboratory to assess the TYR gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: The levels of the TYR enzyme activity in the gingival tissues from the selected sites were assessed. Table 1 and Graph 1 show the levels of TYR enzyme gene expression in the gingival tissue. Conclusion: TYR gene expression and the degree of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation are positively correlated. Hence the assessment of TYR enzyme activity in gingiva could be of great value in today's cosmetologically conscious individuals.
RESUMO
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is used as a treatment modality in depigmentation of hyperpigmented spots on the skin and gingiva. This systematic review discusses the studies conducted to assess the effect of Vitamin C on melanin pigmentation. The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of Vitamin C on melanin pigmentation. The secondary objective was to analyze the effect of Vitamin C administration on melanin pigmentation. An electronic database search was conducted from the following databases: PubMed, EBSCOhost, ScienceOpen, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Randomized controlled trials, experimental studies, case-control studies and cohort studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English language were included. Case reports, case series, animal model studies, in vitro studies, studies where Vitamin C was used along with other agents and unpublished research were excluded. Out of 22,580 studies, only 7 studies satisfied the selection criteria. Data extraction sheet was prepared, and the studies were analyzed. Out of the 7 studies analyzed, 1 was a randomized controlled trial and 6 were experimental studies. Vitamin C has been used widely as a depigmenting agent in dermatology. However, there are limited studies conducted on the use of Vitamin C for gingival depigmentation.
RESUMO
Gingival fibromatosis is frequently an isolated condition of little consequence apart from a cosmetic problem and occasional associations with uncommon syndromes. This case report of a 38 year old female patient describes the gingival enlargement associated with chronic periodontitis. The enlargement extended beyond the middle thirds of the clinical crowns of the teeth. It was associated with generalized mobility, pocket formation and bone loss. The patient also complained of bleeding gums and difficulty in speech and mastication. This is the first case report of gingival fibromatosis associated with chronic periodontitis.
