Dietary Patterns in Secondary Prevention of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Diet is an important factor in secondary prevention of heart failure (HF) but there is still no consensus as to which dietary model should be adopted by this population. This systematic review aims to clarify the relationship between dietary patterns and secondary prevention in HF. METHODS: We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases for studies with different dietary patterns and outcomes of secondary prevention in HF. No limitation was used in the search. RESULTS: 1119 articles were identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Studies with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean, Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets were found. The DASH pattern showed improvement in cardiac function, functional capacity, blood pressure, oxidative stress and mortality. The Mediterranean diet had a correlation with inflammation, quality of life and cardiac function but just on cross-sectional studies. Regarding the Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets only one study was found with each pattern and both were able to improve functional capacity in patients with HF. CONCLUSIONS: DASH pattern may have benefits in the secondary prevention of HF. The Mediterranean diet demonstrated positive correlation with factors of secondary prevention of HF but need more RCTs and cohort studies to confirm these effects. In addition, the Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets, despite the lack of studies, also demonstrated positive effects on the functional capacity in patients with HF.

Mediterranean Diet and Other Dietary Patterns in Primary Prevention of Heart Failure and Changes in Cardiac Function Markers: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome and is recognized as the ultimate pathway of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies using nutritional strategies based on dietary patterns have proved to be effective for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Although there are studies that support the protective effect of these diets, their effects on the prevention of HF are not clear yet. METHODS: We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies that examined dietary patterns, such as dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH diet), paleolithic, vegetarian, low-carb and low-fat diets and prevention of HF. No limitations were used during the search in the databases. RESULTS: A total of 1119 studies were identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Studies regarding the Mediterranean, DASH, vegetarian, and Paleolithic diets were found. The Mediterranean and DASH diets showed a protective effect on the incidence of HF and/or worsening of cardiac function parameters, with a significant difference in relation to patients who did not adhere to these dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS: It is observed that the adoption of Mediterranean or DASH-type dietary patterns may contribute to the prevention of HF, but these results need to be analyzed with caution due to the low quality of evidence.

Adequacy of energy and nutrient intake in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional factors have a significant influence on the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to assess the food intake of stable patients with HF. METHODS: Patients of both genders aged over 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of HF were recruited and matched with healthy individuals for age, sex and BMI. Food records and weighing were used to assess participant nutritional intake. DRIs and NCEP-ATP III recommendations were used to evaluate the adequacy of nutritional intake. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of the 40 patients in the sample and 48% of the 25 control subjects were men. The mean age in both groups was 54±8 years and mean BMI was categorized as overweight. Carbohydrate, trans fatty acid and sodium intake were higher in the HF group as compared to control subjects (p=0.006, p.

Introducción: Factores nutricionales tienen una influencia significativa en el pronóstico de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). Objetivos: Evaluar la ingesta de alimentos de pacientes con IC estable. Métodos: Pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, con diagnóstico confirmado de IC fueron reclutados y emparejados por edad, sexo y IMC con individuos sanos. La ingesta nutricional fue evaluada mediante el registro alimentario y pesaje de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de las DRIs y NCEP-ATP III para la evaluación de la adecuación de la ingesta nutricional. Resultados: El 65% de los 40 pacientes con IC y el 48% de los 25 individuos control eran hombres. La edad media en los grupos fue de 54±8 años y los valores del IMC fueron indicativos de sobrepeso. La ingesta de carbohidratos, ácidos grasos trans y sodio fue mayor en el grupo IC que en el grupo control (p=0,006, p.