The effects of a quality improvement project to reduce caesarean sections in selected private hospitals in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Brazil is one of the countries with the highest rates of caesarean sections (CS), reaching almost 90% of births in the private sector. A quality improvement project called "Adequate Childbirth Project (PPA)" was conceived to reduce CS in the private sector. This project consisted of four primary components: "Governance", "Participation of Women", "Reorganization of Care" and "Monitoring". This paper aims to evaluate: (1) which specific activities of the PPA had the largest effect on the probability of a woman having a vaginal delivery; (2) which primary component of the PPA had the largest effect on the probability of vaginal delivery and (3) which scenarios combining the implementation of different activities planned in the PPA had a higher effect on the probability of vaginal delivery. METHODS: A sample of 12 private hospitals participating in the PPA was evaluated. We used a Bayesian Network (BN) to capture both non-linearities and complex cause-effect relations. The BN integrated knowledge from experts and data from women to estimate 26 model parameters. The PPA was evaluated in 2473 women belonging to groups 1-4 of the Robson classification, who were divided into two groups: those participating or not participating in the PPA. RESULTS: The probability of a woman having a vaginal delivery was 37.7% higher in women participating in the PPA. The most important component of the project that led to an increase in the probability of vaginal delivery was "Reorganization of Care", leading to a 73% probability of vaginal delivery among women in labor. The activity that had the greatest effect on the type of delivery was access to best practices during labor, with a 72% probability of vaginal delivery. Considering the 12 scenarios combining the different activities of the PPA, the best scenarios included: a non-scheduled delivery, access to information about best practices, access to at least 4 best practices during labor and respect of the birth plan, with an 80% probability of vaginal delivery in the best combinations. CONCLUSION: PPA has been shown to be an effective quality improvement program, increasing the likelihood of vaginal delivery in private Brazilian hospitals.

INTRODUCTION: Brazil boasts one of the highest rates of caesarean sections (CS) globally, with nearly 90% of births in private facilities being delivered via CS. In response, the 'Adequate Childbirth Project ­ PPA' was launched as a quality improvement initiative aimed at curbing CS rates in private healthcare. Its goal is to improve the quality of childbirth and reduce the number of CS in private healthcare. The project has four main parts: 'Governance', 'Participation of Women', 'Reorganization of Care', and 'Monitoring'. METHOD: an evaluative study was conducted across 12 private hospitals involved in the PPA, involving 2473 women who were categorized into PPA participants and non-participants. They used a method called a cause-effect network to see which parts of the PPA helped more women have vaginal deliveries. RESULTS: They found that women in the PPA were 37.7% more likely to have a vaginal delivery. Giving women access to good practices during labor and birth was really important. Also, 'Reorganization of Care' was the most important part of the project. It led to a 73% chance of vaginal delivery for women in labor. CONCLUSION: The PPA is effective in helping more women in private hospitals have vaginal deliveries. This means it's a good program for improving childbirth in Brazil's private hospitals.

Appropriate Delivery Project: Impact of Simulation Training on the Increase in Vaginal Births in Hospitals in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the participation of professionals in simulation-based training and an increase in the rate of vaginal deliveries. METHODS: This retrospective observational study analyzed professionals' participation in high-fidelity simulation training during the pilot phase of the Appropriate Delivery Project, spanning from May 21, 2015 to May 21, 2016, along with the rates of vaginal deliveries across various hospitals. Data for participation by nurses and physicians were examined using a gamma distribution model to discern the predictors influencing the changes in the percentage of vaginal births. RESULTS: Data from 27 hospitals involved in the project were analyzed. A total of 339 healthcare professionals, including 147 nurses and 192 doctors, underwent the simulation-based training. During the pilot test, the percentage of vaginal births increased from 27.8% to 36.1%, which further increased to 39.8% in the post-intervention period, particularly when the participation rate of nurses exceeded the median. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that simulation-based training is a valuable strategy for achieving positive changes in obstetric practice, specifically an increase in the rate of vaginal births. These findings underscore the potential advantages of incorporating simulation training into improvement initiatives, as evidenced by the correlation between higher training adoption rates and substantial and sustained enhancements in vaginal birth rates.

An implementation analysis of a quality improvement project to reduce cesarean section in Brazilian private hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Brazil has one of the highest prevalence of cesarean sections in the world. The private health system is responsible for carrying out most of these surgical procedures. A quality improvement project called Adequate Childbirth Project ("Projeto Parto Adequado"- PPA) was developed to identify models of care for labor and childbirth, which place value on vaginal birth and reduce the frequency of cesarean sections without a clinical indication. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of PPA in private hospitals in Brazil. METHOD: Evaluative hospital-based survey, carried out in 2017, in 12 private hospitals, including 4,322 women. We used a Bayesian network strategy to develop a theoretical model for implementation analysis. We estimated and compared the degree of implementation of two major driving components of PPA-"Participation of women" and "Reorganization of care" - among the 12 hospitals and according to type of hospital (belonging to a health insurance company or not). To assess whether the degree of implementation was correlated with the rate of vaginal birth data we used the Bayesian Network and compared the difference between the group "Exposed to the PPA model of care" and the group "Standard of care model". RESULTS: PPA had a low degree of implementation in both components "Reorganization of Care" (0.17 - 0.32) and "Participation of Women" (0.21 - 0.34). The combined implementation score was 0.39-0.64 and was higher in hospitals that belonged to a health insurance company. The vaginal birth rate was higher in hospitals with a higher degree of implementation of PPA. CONCLUSION: The degree of implementation of PPA was low, which reflects the difficulties in changing childbirth care practices. Nevertheless, PPA increased vaginal birth rates in private hospitals with higher implementation scores. PPA is an ongoing quality improvement project and these results demonstrate the need for changes in the involvement of women and the care offered by the provider.

A Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase the Frequency of Vaginal Delivery in Brazilian Hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a quality improvement (QI) initiative designed to increase the frequency of vaginal delivery in Brazilian hospitals. METHODS: Twenty-eight hospitals enrolled in a 20-month (May 2015-December 2016) Breakthrough Series Collaborative that used QI methods to increase implementation of obstetric approaches with potential to increase the frequency of vaginal delivery. All hospitals contributed qualitative data for iterative redesign. Thirteen intervention hospitals with complete data contributed to an analysis of changes in vaginal delivery in a targeted population over time. Hospitals from the São Paulo region (five intervention and eight nonintervention) contributed to a comparator analysis of changes in vaginal delivery for all deliveries over time. INTERVENTION: Most hospitals targeted low-risk pregnancies in primiparous women, delivered by hospital-employed obstetricians or admitted through emergency departments, and some included all pregnant women. The collaborative tested four interventions to increase vaginal delivery: 1) coalition building of stakeholders with the common purpose of ensuring "appropriate delivery," 2) empowering pregnant women to choose their preferred mode of delivery, 3) implementation of new care models favoring physiologic birth, and 4) improved information systems for continuous learning by health care providers. RESULTS: For 119,378 targeted deliveries (36% of all deliveries) in 13 intervention hospitals, vaginal delivery increased from 21.5% in 2014 to 34.8% in 2016, a relative increase of 1.62 (95% CI 1.27-2.07, P<.001). In the comparator analysis, vaginal delivery for all deliveries in the five São Paulo intervention hospitals increased from 16.1% to 23% (RI 1.43, P<.001) and from 11.0% to 13.0% (relative rate ratio 1.18, P<.001) in the eight nonintervention São Paulo hospitals. The relative increase in vaginal delivery between the São Paulo intervention and nonintervention groups was 1.21 (95% CI 1.05-1.41, P=.01). The rate of maternal adverse events and neonatal intensive care unit admissions for newborns who weighed at least 2,500 g did not differ significantly during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Key interventions implemented with QI methods were associated with increased vaginal delivery. This approach may help address the global cesarean delivery epidemic.

Acrodermatitis continua de Hallopeau: reporte de un caso / Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau: case report

La acrodermatitis continua de Hallopeau (ACH) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta a los dedos de las manos y/o pies, se caracteriza por una placa eritematodescamativa con erupciones pustulosas estériles. Es una patología rara o quizá subdiagnosticada y más frecuente en mujeres de edad mediana, según los pocos casos reportados. Se presenta el siguiente caso clínico de una adolescente de 15 años de edad, que presentó una placa eritematodescamativa con pústulas estériles, en tres oportunidades a lo largo de dos años. El diagnóstico de ACH se realizó por la clínica y la histología. Se indicó tratamiento con acitretina vía oral y se tiene mejoría clínica importante.

The acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the fingers and toes, is characterized by erythematous scaly plaque with sterile pustular eruptions. It is a rare condition or perhaps underdiagnosed, according the few reported cases is more common in middle aged women. We report the case of a 15 year-old woman which presented an erythematous plaque with sterile pustules on three occasions along two years, the diagnosis of ACH was made by clinical and histology. Acitretin therapy is indicated orally and has significant clinical improvement.

Psoriasis en pacientes con VIH: presentación de nueve casos / Psoriasis in HIV patient: presentation of nine cases

La psoriasis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica multifactorial y de base genética, cuya incidencia se estima entre 0,5% y 2% en nuestra población. El VIH es una infección cada vez más frecuente, cuyos pacientes se afectan también de psoriasis antes o después de su diagnóstico, siendo una interrogante frecuente si la enfermedad influye de alguna manera en la presentación o severidad de esta última, como lo hace en otras dermatosis. Siendo la comorbilidad VIH y psoriasis un reto terapéutico, sobre todo en pacientes con cuadros más severos por la polifarmacia que estos reciben. Se presentan y analizan nueve casos, con ambos diagnósticos, evaluados en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Daniel A. Carrión del Callao, entre 2007 y 2011.

Psoriasis is a chronic, multifactorial, genetic and inflammatory disease which incidence is estimated between 0,5 and 2% in our population. HIV is now a more frequent infection, this patient can be affected by psoriasis before or after the diagnosis, been frequent question if HIV change in any way in presentation or severity like HIV does in other dermatosis. Comorbidity HIV-psoriasis is otherwise a therapeutic challenge, especially in the most critical cases due to polypharmacy. Nine cases attended in the Service of Dermatology of the Hospital Daniel A. Carrión arepresented and analized.

Diagnosis and screening for cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women in Cuba as prognostic markers of congenital infection in newborns: 2007-2008.

BACKGROUND: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has established itself as the most significant cause of congenital infection in the developed world. The objective of this research was prenatal identification of pregnant women at risk for developing active infection due to HCMV as well as to diagnose congenitally infected newborns. METHODS: A diagnostic algorithm based on specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and, IgG avidity was used to screen serum from 1131 pregnant women enrolled prospectively from 3 municipalities from Havana City, Cuba during 2007-2008. Qualitative multiplex nested PCR and quantitative real time-based PCR testing for HCMV DNA were performed on urine and saliva specimens from women detected with active infection and from their newborns. RESULTS: Most women were seropositive to HCMV (92.7%), with 2.38% (27 women) having active infection. Primary infection was detected in 20 pregnant women (1.77%) while 7 patients (0.62%) had active nonprimary infection. HCMV DNA was detected in specimens from 9 of the 27 pregnant women by both PCR methods. HCMV congenital infection was diagnosed in 12 (1.06%) of the 26 live children born from 25 mothers with active infection, for a vertical transmission rate of 46.2%. Two fetal deaths were reported from 2 women with active infection; furthermore 2 newborns were symptomatic at birth and 2 showed sequelae during the follow-up done until 6 months age. CONCLUSIONS: Mothers with active infection during the pregnancy and with HCMV excretion had significant risks, RR = 1.16 and RR = 1.35, respectively, to have congenitally infected children.

Algunos factores influyentes en la calidad de vida laboral de enfermería / Some factors influencing on the quality of the nursing working life

La calidad de vida laboral es el grado en que los miembros de un colectivo son capaces de satisfacer las necesidades personales a través de sus experiencias en el contexto organizacional. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de algunos factores que influyen en la calidad de vida en el trabajo en el área de enfermería. Se emplearon diversos instrumentos para medir el estrés laboral y su vulnerabilidad, la satisfacción, y la autoestima. La muestra se conformó con 20 enfermeros escogidos al azar en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí". Se encontró una buena calidad de vida laboral basada en bajos índices de riesgo de estrés laboral, elevada autoestima y satisfacción, contrario a los resultados de investigaciones similares alrededor del mundo(AU)

Algunos factores influyentes en la calidad de vida laboral de enfermería / Some factors influencing on the quality of the nursing working life

La calidad de vida laboral es el grado en que los miembros de un colectivo son capaces de satisfacer las necesidades personales a través de sus experiencias en el contexto organizacional. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de algunos factores que influyen en la calidad de vida en el trabajo en el área de enfermería. Se emplearon diversos instrumentos para medir el estrés laboral y su vulnerabilidad, la satisfacción, y la autoestima. La muestra se conformó con 20 enfermeros escogidos al azar en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí". Se encontró una buena calidad de vida laboral basada en bajos índices de riesgo de estrés laboral, elevada autoestima y satisfacción, contrario a los resultados de investigaciones similares alrededor del mundo(AU)

The quality of labor life is the degree in that the members of a community are able to satisfy the personal necessities through their experiences in the organizational context. He/she was carried out a descriptive study of some factors that you/they influence in the quality of life in the work in the infirmary area. Diverse instruments were used to measure the labor estrés and their vulnerability, the satisfaction, and the self-esteem. The sample conformed to at random with 20 chosen male nurses in the Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí". he/she was a good quality of labor life based on index first floor of risk of estrés labor, high self-esteem and satisfaction, contrary to the results of similar investigations around the world(AU)

Caracterización del trabajo de enfermería durante una epidemia de dengue / Characterization of the nursing work during a dengue epidemics

La función del personal sanitario ante un paciente con dengue es mantener el llamado tratamiento fisiológico intensivo donde lo fundamental es la vigilancia extrema hasta que el paciente se estabilice. En el Instituto de Medicina Tropìcal "Pedro Kourí" se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal para caracterizar, desde la óptica laboral, el trabajo de enfermería durante la epidemia de dengue ocurrida en el 2002. Se aplicó una encuesta que permitió caracterizar entre otros, el nivel profesional alcanzado, conocimientos y experiencia del personal e indagar sobre la organización del trabajo y la carga laboral. Se obtuvieron, los siguientes resultados: no influyó de manera apreciable el nivel profesional en la preparación demostrada; existió escasez de personal y de recursos como porta sueros y sostenedores, se presentaron conflictos entre las actividades asistenciales y burocráticas o no, inherentes a la profesión, se constató la imposibilidad de documentar el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería con toda la calidad requerida ante situaciones de emergencia. Resultó altamente importante como factor modulador de estrés, el reconocimiento social, que aun durante situaciones de carga laboral extrema, elevó la dedicación y sacrificio frente a todo problema individual, como expresión de la trascendencia colectiva de sus acciones(AU)

The sanitary personnel's function before a patient with fastidiousness is to maintain the call intensive physiologic treatment where the fundamental thing is the extreme surveillance until the patient is stabilized. In the Institute of Medicine Tropìcal Pedro Kourí was carried out a descriptive and traverse investigation to characterize, from the labor optics, the infirmary work during the fastidiousness epidemic happened in the 2002. A survey was applied that allowed to characterize among other, the reached professional level, knowledge and the personnel's experience and to investigate on the organization of the work and the labor load. They were obtained, the following results: it didn't influence in an appreciable way the professional level in the demonstrated preparation; shortage existed of personal and of resources like it carries serums and supporting, conflicts were presented among the assistance and bureaucratic activities or not, inherent to the profession, the impossibility was verified of documenting the Process of Attention of Infirmary with all the quality required before emergency situations. It was highly important as factor estrés modulator, the social recognition that even during situations of extreme labor load, it elevated the dedication and sacrifice in front of all individual problem, as expression of the collective transcendency of their actions(AU)

Labor de enfermería en la toma de muestra para el análisis Copa Cónica / Nursing work in the sample collection for the conic cup analysis

En la actualidad la práctica médica se apoya cada vez más en lo resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio para precisar los diagnósticos, tratamiento y evolución de los pacientes, por lo que es determinante la calidad en la toma de las muestras. Para valorar la eficacia en esta actividad, se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal sobre la labor de enfermería en la toma de las muestras de heces fecales para realizar los análisis seriados de Copa Cónica indicado a los pacientes ingresados por sospecha o valoración de Fasciolasis Hepatica. Participaron en la investigación 5 enfermeros y la misma se realizó en el período comprendido desde enero a julio de 2002. Como instrumentos para la recolección de datos se utilizó una encuesta que se aplicó a los enfermeros seleccionados y las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Todas las encuestas reflejaron dificultades en la recolección de las cantidades de heces necesarias para este examen lo que coincidió con lo señalado por el personal de laboratorio. Se produjo un incremento del costo de estadía por paciente que pudo estar relacionado con la demora en la recogida de muestras debido a una insuficiente coordinación entre el personal involucrado. Estos resultados permitieron perfeccionar el proceso de toma de muestras para Copa Cónica mediante la introducción de cambios organizativos que propiciaron ventajas asistenciales y económicas(AU)

At the present time the medical practice leans on more and more in that of the laboratory tests to specify the diagnoses, treatment and the patients' evolution, for what is decisive the quality in the taking of the samples. To value the effectiveness in this activity, he/she was carried out a descriptive and traverse investigation on the infirmary work in the taking of the samples of fecal grounds to carry out the analyses suitable seriados of Conical Glass to the patients entered by suspicion or valuation of Hepatic Fasciolasis. They participated in the investigation 5 male nurses and the same one was carried out in the period understood from January to July of 2002. As instruments for the gathering of data a survey was used that was applied to the selected male nurses and the clinical histories of the patients. All the surveys reflected difficulties in the gathering of the quantities of necessary grounds for this exam what coincided with that pointed out by the laboratory personnel. An increment of the demurrage cost took place for patient that could be related with the delay in the collection of samples due to an insufficient coordination among the involved personnel. These results allowed to perfect the process of taking of samples for Conical Glass by means of the introduction of organizational changes that you/they propitiated assistance and economic advantages(AU)

Caracterización del trabajo de enfermería durante una epidemia de dengue / Characterization of the nursing work during a dengue epidemics

La función del personal sanitario ante un paciente con dengue es mantener el llamado tratamiento fisiológico intensivo donde lo fundamental es la vigilancia extrema hasta que el paciente se estabilice. En el Instituto de Medicina Tropìcal "Pedro Kourí" se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal para caracterizar, desde la óptica laboral, el trabajo de enfermería durante la epidemia de dengue ocurrida en el 2002. Se aplicó una encuesta que permitió caracterizar entre otros, el nivel profesional alcanzado, conocimientos y experiencia del personal e indagar sobre la organización del trabajo y la carga laboral. Se obtuvieron, los siguientes resultados: no influyó de manera apreciable el nivel profesional en la preparación demostrada; existió escasez de personal y de recursos como porta sueros y sostenedores, se presentaron conflictos entre las actividades asistenciales y burocráticas o no, inherentes a la profesión, se constató la imposibilidad de documentar el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería con toda la calidad requerida ante situaciones de emergencia. Resultó altamente importante como factor modulador de estrés, el reconocimiento social, que aun durante situaciones de carga laboral extrema, elevó la dedicación y sacrificio frente a todo problema individual, como expresión de la trascendencia colectiva de sus acciones(AU)

Labor de enfermería en la toma de muestra para el análisis Copa Cónica / Nursing work in the sample collection for the conic cup analysis

En la actualidad la práctica médica se apoya cada vez más en lo resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio para precisar los diagnósticos, tratamiento y evolución de los pacientes, por lo que es determinante la calidad en la toma de las muestras. Para valorar la eficacia en esta actividad, se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal sobre la labor de enfermería en la toma de las muestras de heces fecales para realizar los análisis seriados de Copa Cónica indicado a los pacientes ingresados por sospecha o valoración de Fasciolasis Hepatica. Participaron en la investigación 5 enfermeros y la misma se realizó en el período comprendido desde enero a julio de 2002. Como instrumentos para la recolección de datos se utilizó una encuesta que se aplicó a los enfermeros seleccionados y las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Todas las encuestas reflejaron dificultades en la recolección de las cantidades de heces necesarias para este examen lo que coincidió con lo señalado por el personal de laboratorio. Se produjo un incremento del costo de estadía por paciente que pudo estar relacionado con la demora en la recogida de muestras debido a una insuficiente coordinación entre el personal involucrado. Estos resultados permitieron perfeccionar el proceso de toma de muestras para Copa Cónica mediante la introducción de cambios organizativos que propiciaron ventajas asistenciales y económicas(AU)

Desempenho da ultra-sonografia pré-natal no diagnóstico de cromossomopatias fetais em serviço terciário / Performance of prenatal ultrasound on the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in a tertiary center

Objetivo: determinar o desempenho da ultra-sonografia para detecçäo de gestaçöes que apresentem risco de anomalia cromossômica fetal. Método: estudamos 436 pacientes submetidas a cariótipo fetal entre março de 1993 e março de 1998. Destas, 277 gestantes foram submetidas à coleta de material fetal para estudo citogenético por ultra-sonografia alterada e 159 por ansiedade parental, apresentando ultra-sonografia morfológica normal. Foram avaliadas a sensibilidade e a especificidade da ultra-sonografia utilizando o cariótipo fetal como padräo-ouro. Foi calculado o risco relativo de anomalia cromossômica apresentado segundo o sistema acometido à ultra-sonografia e os riscos de acordo com a presença de uma ou mais malformaçöes, utilizando-se o pacote de análise estatística Epi-Info 6.0. Resultados: observamos que o risco relativo para cromossomopatia fetal foi de 89 para as malformaçöes de face, 53 para malformaçöes de parede abdominal e aparelho cardiovascular, 49,6 para malformaçöes de pescoço, 44,6 para malformaçöes de membros, 42,4 para malformaçöes de pulmäo, 32,7 para malformaçöes de trato gastrointestinal, 27,4 para malformaçöes de sistema nervoso central e 23,0 para malformaçöes de trato urinário. Näo foi possível o cálculo de risco para malformaçöes de genitais, tórax, coluna e músculo-esqueléticas, por terem ocorrido em um pequeno número de casos. A presença de uma alteraçäo ultra-sonográfica isolada se associa a risco relativo 7,82 maior de cromossomopatia, ao passo que a associaçäo de alteraçöes morfológicas tem risco 33,8 vezes maior de cromossomopatia. Conclusöes: conclui-se que a ultra-sonografia apresentou bom desempenho na detecçäo de gestaçöes de risco para cromossomopatia.

Ultra-sonografia obstétrica morfológica / Diagnostic ultrasound

O aprimoramento da tecnologia dos aparelhos de ultra-som permite avaliar a anatomia fetal normal e anormal. Com o estudo ultra-sonográfico fetal se pode aumentar os conhecimentos da vida intra-uterina. A maioria dos achados anormais ao ultra-som não apresentam repercussão clínica. A ultra-sonografia deve coletar a maior quantidade de dados possíveis para assegurar o acompanhamento adequado, pois quanto mais precoce forem os diagnósticos, melhor será o prognóstico.