Vigilancia epidemiológica en los últimos 4 años del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea: situación actual y tendencias / Four-year Epidemiological Surveillance of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy: Current Situation and Trends

Antecedentes: El Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea tiene entre sus objetivos la vigilancia epidemiológica de la dermatitis de contacto. Para ello es importante conocer si se producen alteraciones en el tiempo de las prevalencias de las positividades a los distintos alérgenos. Objetivos: Describir las variaciones en las tendencias temporales en positividades a alérgenos en la serie estándar del GEIDAC en el periodo comprendido entre 2018 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022. Métodos: Estudio observacional multicéntrico de pacientes estudiados consecutivamente mediante pruebas epicutáneas dentro del estudio de un posible eczema alérgico de contacto recogidos de forma prospectiva en el seno del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea. Se analizaron los datos mediante 2 pruebas estadísticas: una de homogeneidad (para ver si hay cambios en los diferentes años) y otra de tendencia (para ver si los cambios siguen una tendencia lineal). Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 11.327 pacientes en el periodo de estudio. Los alérgenos en los que de forma global se detectó una sensibilización mayor fueron sulfato de níquel, metilisotiazolinona, cloruro de cobalto, metilcloroisotiazolinona/metilisotiazolinona y mezcla de fragancias i. Se detectó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el porcentaje de positividades de metilisotiazolinona a lo largo de años de estudio con una tendencia ordenada. Conclusiones: Si bien se pueden apreciar diferentes cambios en las tendencias a sensibilizaciones a varios de los alérgenos de la batería estándar, se observa que persiste una alta sensibilización al níquel, a la metilcloroisotiazolinona/metilisotiazolinona y a la mezcla de fragancias i. Solo se aprecia una tendencia a disminuir de forma significativa en el caso de la metilisotiazolinona.(AU)

Background: The epidemiological surveillance of contact dermatitis is one of the objectives of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. Knowing whether the prevalence of positive tests to the different allergens changes over time is important for this monitoring process. Objectives: To describe the various temporary trends in allergen positivity in the GEIDAC standard series from 2018 through December 31, 2022. Methods: This was a multicenter, observational trial of consecutive patients analyzed via patch tests as part of the study of possible allergic contact dermatitises collected prospectively within the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. The data was analyzed using 2 statistical tests: one homogeneity test (to describe the changes seen over time) and one trend test (to see whether the changes described followed a linear trend). Results: A total of 11327 patients were included in the study. Overall, the allergens associated with a highest sensitization were nickel sulfate, methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix i. A statistically significant decrease was found in the percentage of methylisothiazolinone positive tests across the study years with an orderly trend. Conclusions: Although various changes were seen in the sensitizations trends to several allergens of the standard testing, it became obvious that a high sensitization to nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and fragrances mix i remained. Only a significant downward trend was seen for methylisothiazolinone.(AU)

[Translated article] Four-year Epidemiological Surveillance of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy: Current Situation and Trends / Vigilancia epidemiológica en los últimos 4 años del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea: situación actual y tendencias

Antecedentes: El Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea tiene entre sus objetivos la vigilancia epidemiológica de la dermatitis de contacto. Para ello es importante conocer si se producen alteraciones en el tiempo de las prevalencias de las positividades a los distintos alérgenos. Objetivos: Describir las variaciones en las tendencias temporales en positividades a alérgenos en la serie estándar del GEIDAC en el periodo comprendido entre 2018 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022. Métodos: Estudio observacional multicéntrico de pacientes estudiados consecutivamente mediante pruebas epicutáneas dentro del estudio de un posible eczema alérgico de contacto recogidos de forma prospectiva en el seno del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea. Se analizaron los datos mediante 2 pruebas estadísticas: una de homogeneidad (para ver si hay cambios en los diferentes años) y otra de tendencia (para ver si los cambios siguen una tendencia lineal). Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 11.327 pacientes en el periodo de estudio. Los alérgenos en los que de forma global se detectó una sensibilización mayor fueron sulfato de níquel, metilisotiazolinona, cloruro de cobalto, metilcloroisotiazolinona/metilisotiazolinona y mezcla de fragancias i. Se detectó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el porcentaje de positividades de metilisotiazolinona a lo largo de años de estudio con una tendencia ordenada. Conclusiones: Si bien se pueden apreciar diferentes cambios en las tendencias a sensibilizaciones a varios de los alérgenos de la batería estándar, se observa que persiste una alta sensibilización al níquel, a la metilcloroisotiazolinona/metilisotiazolinona y a la mezcla de fragancias i. Solo se aprecia una tendencia a disminuir de forma significativa en el caso de la metilisotiazolinona.(AU)

Background: The epidemiological surveillance of contact dermatitis is one of the objectives of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. Knowing whether the prevalence of positive tests to the different allergens changes over time is important for this monitoring process. Objectives: To describe the various temporary trends in allergen positivity in the GEIDAC standard series from 2018 through December 31, 2022. Methods: This was a multicenter, observational trial of consecutive patients analyzed via patch tests as part of the study of possible allergic contact dermatitises collected prospectively within the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. The data was analyzed using 2 statistical tests: one homogeneity test (to describe the changes seen over time) and one trend test (to see whether the changes described followed a linear trend). Results: A total of 11327 patients were included in the study. Overall, the allergens associated with a highest sensitization were nickel sulfate, methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix i. A statistically significant decrease was found in the percentage of methylisothiazolinone positive tests across the study years with an orderly trend. Conclusions: Although various changes were seen in the sensitizations trends to several allergens of the standard testing, it became obvious that a high sensitization to nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and fragrances mix i remained. Only a significant downward trend was seen for methylisothiazolinone.(AU)

Standard and Expanded Series Patch Testing Update by the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC). / Actualización de la batería estándar y batería ampliada de pruebas alérgicas de contacto por el Grupo Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea (GEIDAC).

After the meeting held by the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC) back in October 2021, changes were suggested to the Spanish standard series patch testing. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2% pet.), textile dye mixt (6.6% pet.), linalool hydroperoxide (1% pet.), and limonene hydroperoxide (0.3% pet.) were, then, added to the series that agreed upon in 2016. Ethyldiamine and phenoxyethanol were excluded. Methyldibromoglutaronitrile, the mixture of sesquiterpene lactones, and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene (Lyral) were alo added to the extended Spanish series of 2022.

Tratamiento de la pseudoartrosis de radio con injerto de cresta iliaca y células madre del aspirado de médula ósea. A propósito de un caso / Treatment of radial pseudarthrosis with iliac crest graft and bone marrow aspirate stem cells. A case report

La pseudoartrosis es una complicación caracterizada por la ausencia de consolidación del hueso a los 9 meses desde el inicio de la fractura, con falta de progresión radiológica los últimos 3 meses, siendo sus principales causas el exceso de movimiento en el foco de fractura y una insuficiente vascularización. A pesar de no tratarse de una complicación frecuente, los huesos del antebrazo ocupan el 4.º puesto en incidencia de presentación. El manejo anestésico de la patología quirúrgica del miembro superior se realiza generalmente en régimen ambulatorio con técnicas de anestesia regional guiadas por ecografía. Estas técnicas tienen una doble función: anestesia durante el propio acto quirúrgico con una mínima variabilidad sobre el estado basal del paciente y analgesia en el postoperatorio inmediato, permitiendo de esta manera el alta a domicilio de forma más segura y precoz. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 34 años, con desarrollo de pseudoartrosis atrófica tras fractura diafisaria de radio, en el que se realiza injerto óseo de cresta ilíaca y aspirado de células madre como estímulo de la osteogénesis.(AU)

Pseudarthrosis is a complication characterised by the absence of bone healing 9 months after the onset of the fracture, with a lack of radiological progressionin the last 3 months, and its main causes are excessive movement at the fracture site and insufficient vascularisation. Despite not being a frequent complica-tion, the bones of the forearm occupy the fourth place in incidence of presentation. The anaesthetic management of surgical pathology of the upper limb isgenerally performed on an outpatient basis with regional anaesthesia techniques guided by ultrasound. These techniques have a dual function: anaesthesiaduring the surgical act with minimal variability over the patient’s baseline condition and analgesia in the immediate postoperative period, thus allowing forsafer and earlier discharge home. We present the case of a 34-year-old male with diagnosis of atrophic pseudarthrosis following a diaphyseal fracture of theradius, in whom iliac crest bone grafting and stem cell aspiration were performed to stimulate osteogenesis.(AU)

Epidemiological, Clinical, and Allergic Profile of Psoriatic Patients. Evaluation of the Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC). / Perfil epidemiológico, clínico y alérgico en pacientes con psoriasis. Evaluación del Registro Español de Dermatitis de Contacto (REIDAC).

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis whose clinical and topographic distribution requires differential diagnosis, or the possible association with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), requiring patch testing (PT) as part of the diagnostic procedure. OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and allergic profile of patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of psoriasis undergoing PT and compare them with patients with a diagnosis of ACD at the end of the diagnostic process. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with data from REIDAC from 2018 through 2023 of selected patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis and/or ACD. RESULTS: A total of 11 502 patients were included, 513 of whom had been diagnosed with primary or secondary psoriasis, 3640 with ACD, and 108 with both diseases. Men were more predominant in the groups of patients with psoriasis, psoriasis+ACD, and lesions were more predominantly seen in the hands with little association with atopic factors vs the ACD group. The rate of positivity in PT to the 2022 Spanish battery of allergens was lower in the group with psoriasis only in 27% of the patients. The most common allergens found in the psoriasis group were also the most common ones found in the overall ACD population. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 36.2% of psoriatic patients tested positive in PT to the 2022 Spanish battery of allergens, which proved that this association is not uncommon. Overall, psoriatic patients had a higher mean age, were more predominantly men, and showed more hand involvement.

Four-year Epidemiological Surveillance of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy: Current Situation and Trends. / Vigilancia epidemiológica en los últimos 4 años del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea: situación actual y tendencias.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological surveillance of contact dermatitis is one of the objectives of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. Knowing whether the prevalence of positive tests to the different allergens changes over time is important for this monitoring process. OBJECTIVES: To describe the various temporary trends in allergen positivity in the GEIDAC standard series from 2018 through December 31, 2022. METHODS: This was a multicenter, observational trial of consecutive patients analyzed via patch tests as part of the study of possible allergic contact dermatitises collected prospectively within the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. The data was analyzed using 2 statistical tests: one homogeneity test (to describe the changes seen over time) and one trend test (to see whether the changes described followed a linear trend). RESULTS: A total of 11327 patients were included in the study. Overall, the allergens associated with a highest sensitization were nickel sulfate, methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix i. A statistically significant decrease was found in the percentage of methylisothiazolinone positive tests across the study years with an orderly trend. CONCLUSIONS: Although various changes were seen in the sensitizations trends to several allergens of the standard testing, it became obvious that a high sensitization to nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and fragrances mix i remained. Only a significant downward trend was seen for methylisothiazolinone.

Contact Allergy to Shellac. Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study With Data From the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC) / Alergia de contacto a shellac. Estudio transversal retrospectivo con datos del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea (REIDAC)

Introduction Shellac is a known allergen present mainly in cosmetics used on the eyelids and lips, although new sources of exposure have recently been described. Our objective was to assess the use of shellac as a contact allergen in Spain and the clinical profile of patients allergic to shellac. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients patch tested for shellac between 2018 and 2021 from the Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC). Results A total of 980 patients were patch tested for shellac (20% in ethanol), and 37 (3.77%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.58–3.97%) showed positive results. Most of these patients were tested for shellac due to a suspicion of cosmetic contact dermatitis. Seven patients with present relevance were found, five with relation to cosmetics, and the other two with an occupational background of food handling. The reaction index for shellac was 0.51 and the positivity ratio was 67.56% (95% CI, 52.48–82.65%). Conclusions Shellac appears to be a prevalent allergen in patients with suspected contact dermatitis related with cosmetics or foodstuff. However, further studies are needed to validate its use in other patients (AU)

El shellac es un alérgeno conocido por su presencia en cosméticos para labios y párpados, aunque en los últimos años se han descrito nuevas fuentes de exposición. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar cómo se está usando el shellac, como alérgeno de contacto en España, y las características clínicas de los pacientes alérgicos al shellac. Métodos Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo transversal con los pacientes incluidos en el Registro Español de Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea en los que se realizaron pruebas epicutáneas con shellac desde 2018 a 2021. Resultados El shellac (20% en etanol) fue usado en 980 pacientes, con resultados positivos en 37 de ellos (3,77%; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 2,58-3,97%). La mayoría de estos pacientes realizaron las pruebas epicutáneas por una sospecha de dermatitis de contacto por cosméticos. Se encontraron 7 pacientes con una relevancia presente, 5 de ellos en relación con el uso de cosméticos, y los otros 2 fueron dermatitis de contacto ocupacionales en el contexto de la manipulación de alimentos. El índice de reacción para el shellac fue del 0,51% y la ratio de positividad del 67,56% (IC 95%: 52,48-82,65%). Conclusiones El shellac parece un alérgeno frecuente en los pacientes con sospecha de dermatitis de contacto por cosméticos o alimentos. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para validar su uso en otros pacientes (AU)

[Artículo traducido] Alergia de contacto a shellac. Estudio transversal retrospectivo con datos del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea (REIDAC) / Contact Allergy to Shellac. Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study With Data From the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC)

El shellac es un alérgeno conocido por su presencia en cosméticos para labios y párpados, aunque en los últimos años se han descrito nuevas fuentes de exposición. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar cómo se está usando el shellac, como alérgeno de contacto en España, y las características clínicas de los pacientes alérgicos al shellac. Métodos Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo transversal con los pacientes incluidos en el Registro Español de Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea en los que se realizaron pruebas epicutáneas con shellac desde 2018 a 2021. Resultados El shellac (20% en etanol) fue usado en 980 pacientes, con resultados positivos en 37 de ellos (3,77%; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 2,58-3,97%). La mayoría de estos pacientes realizaron las pruebas epicutáneas por una sospecha de dermatitis de contacto por cosméticos. Se encontraron 7 pacientes con una relevancia presente, 5 de ellos en relación con el uso de cosméticos, y los otros 2 fueron dermatitis de contacto ocupacionales en el contexto de la manipulación de alimentos. El índice de reacción para el shellac fue del 0,51% y la ratio de positividad del 67,56% (IC 95%: 52,48-82,65%). Conclusiones El shellac parece un alérgeno frecuente en los pacientes con sospecha de dermatitis de contacto por cosméticos o alimentos. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para validar su uso en otros pacientes (AU)

Introduction Shellac is a known allergen present mainly in cosmetics used on the eyelids and lips, although new sources of exposure have recently been described. Our objective was to assess the use of shellac as a contact allergen in Spain and the clinical profile of patients allergic to shellac. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients patch tested for shellac between 2018 and 2021 from the Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC). Results A total of 980 patients were patch tested for shellac (20% in ethanol), and 37 (3.77%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.58–3.97%) showed positive results. Most of these patients were tested for shellac due to a suspicion of cosmetic contact dermatitis. Seven patients with present relevance were found, five with relation to cosmetics, and the other two with an occupational background of food handling. The reaction index for shellac was 0.51 and the positivity ratio was 67.56% (95% CI, 52.48–82.65%). Conclusions Shellac appears to be a prevalent allergen in patients with suspected contact dermatitis related with cosmetics or foodstuff. However, further studies are needed to validate its use in other patients (AU)

Contact Allergy to Shellac. Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study With Data From the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC). / [Artículo traducido] Alergia de contacto a shellac. Estudio transversal retrospectivo con datos del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea (REIDAC).

INTRODUCTION: Shellac is a known allergen present mainly in cosmetics used on the eyelids and lips, although new sources of exposure have recently been described. Our objective was to assess the use of shellac as a contact allergen in Spain and the clinical profile of patients allergic to shellac. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients patch tested for shellac between 2018 and 2021 from the Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC). RESULTS: A total of 980 patients were patch tested for shellac (20% in ethanol), and 37 (3.77%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.58-3.97%) showed positive results. Most of these patients were tested for shellac due to a suspicion of cosmetic contact dermatitis. Seven patients with present relevance were found, five with relation to cosmetics, and the other two with an occupational background of food handling. The reaction index for shellac was 0.51 and the positivity ratio was 67.56% (95% CI, 52.48-82.65%). CONCLUSIONS: Shellac appears to be a prevalent allergen in patients with suspected contact dermatitis related with cosmetics or foodstuff. However, further studies are needed to validate its use in other patients.

Contact Allergy to Shellac. Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study With Data From the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC).

INTRODUCTION: Shellac is a known allergen present mainly in cosmetics used on the eyelids and lips, although new sources of exposure have recently been described. Our objective was to assess the use of shellac as a contact allergen in Spain and the clinical profile of patients allergic to shellac. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients patch tested for shellac between 2018 and 2021 from the Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC). RESULTS: A total of 980 patients were patch tested for shellac (20% in ethanol), and 37 (3.77%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.58-3.97%) showed positive results. Most of these patients were tested for shellac due to a suspicion of cosmetic contact dermatitis. Seven patients with present relevance were found, five with relation to cosmetics, and the other two with an occupational background of food handling. The reaction index for shellac was 0.51 and the positivity ratio was 67.56% (95% CI, 52.48-82.65%). CONCLUSIONS: Shellac appears to be a prevalent allergen in patients with suspected contact dermatitis related with cosmetics or foodstuff. However, further studies are needed to validate its use in other patients.

Epidemiological, Clinical, and Allergy Profile of Patients With Atopic Dermatitis and Hand Eczema: Evaluation of the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC). / Perfil epidemiológico, clínico, y alérgico en pacientes con dermatitis atópica y dermatitis de las manos. Evaluación del Registro Español de Dermatitis de Contacto (REIDAC).

BACKGROUND: Hand eczema is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but few studies have described the characteristics of these patients in large, representative populations from different geographic regions and occupational settings. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and allergy profile of patients with hand eczema who underwent patch testing and compare patients with and without AD. METHODS: Analysis of data from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry, a multicenter registry of patients who undergo patch testing in Spain. RESULTS: We included 1466 patients with hand eczema who were patch tested between January 2018 and June 2020. Those with AD were younger and had had symptoms for longer before testing. They were also more likely to have been exposed to occupational triggers (38% vs 53% for patients without AD). The only profession for which significant differences were found was hairdressing. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, potassium dichromate, fragrance mixes I and II, and formaldehyde. The most common diagnoses were allergic contact dermatitis (24% vs 31% in patients with and without AD, P=.0224) and irritant contact dermatitis (18% and 35% respectively, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: AD is common in patients with predominant hand eczema who undergo patch testing. Patients with hand eczema and AD have different clinical and epidemiological characteristics to hand eczema patients in general and their final diagnosis following patch testing is also different.

Occupational radiation and pregnancy: reality or disinformation? A review of the literature and summary of current clinical guidelines.

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a decisive factor in women's choice of entering the field of interventional radiology. This issue explains the low percentage of women in interventional radiology and the high number of women who take leave from work when they are pregnant even though they have no problems with their pregnancy. The current guidelines and legal framework regarding pregnancy and ionizing radiation from different national institutions are not in line with the scientific evidence. They establish recommendations based on disinformation and a need to protect the fetus that has not been scientifically validated. Lack of knowledge and lack of evidence-based information could contribute to gender-based inequality at work. This article reviews the evidence from the articles and clinical guidelines in PubMed, paying special attention to publications from the last five years (2015-2020). Additionally, it reports the results of an online survey of healthcare professionals exposed to radiation in their work.

Radiación ocupacional y embarazo: realidad o desinformación. Revisión en la literatura y actualización según guías clínicas vigentes / Occupational radiation and pregnancy: reality or disinformation? A review of the literature and summary of current clinical guidelines

La exposición a radiaciones ionizantes es un factor condicionante a la hora de elegir radiología vascular intervencionista, lo que justifica el bajo porcentaje de radiólogas dedicadas a ello y el elevado número de bajas en trabajadoras embarazadas de servicios de radiodiagnóstico sin patología gestacional. Las recomendaciones y actual legislación sobre embarazo y manejo de radiaciones ionizantes de las diferentes instituciones nacionales no se ajustan a evidencias científicas, estableciendo medidas de protección basadas en desinformación y una protección injustificada al feto cuya validez no se ha demostrado científicamente. El desconocimiento y falta de información basada en evidencias podría ser una causa de esta disparidad laboral relacionada con el género de los trabajadores.Se realiza una revisión en la base de datos PubMed de los artículos y guías de práctica clínica más relevantes, con especial atención a los publicados en los últimos 5 años (2015-2020), y se describen los resultados de una encuesta online realizada a trabajadores sanitarios expuestos.(AU)

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a decisive factor in women's choice of entering the field of interventional radiology. This issue explains the low percentage of women in interventional radiology and the high number of women who take leave from work when they are pregnant even though they have no problems with their pregnancy. The current guidelines and legal framework regarding pregnancy and ionizing radiation from different national institutions are not in line with the scientific evidence. They establish recommendations based on disinformation and a need to protect the fetus that has not been scientifically validated. Lack of knowledge and lack of evidence-based information could contribute to gender-based inequality at work.This article reviews the evidence from the articles and clinical guidelines in PubMed, paying special attention to publications from the last five years (2015-2020). Additionally, it reports the results of an online survey of healthcare professionals exposed to radiation in their work.(AU)

Systematic review of synchronous contralateral axillary metastases in breast cancer: really M1 disease?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to assess and quantify the effect of the appearance of synchronous contralateral axillary on breast cancer survival. Breast cancer with contralateral axillary metastases (CAM) is classified as a metastatic disease. There are few cases reported and a lack of evidence of the significance of CAM when synchronous appearance with a primary tumor and no other site of disease. METHODS: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the prognosis of patients with synchronous CAM without other metastatic diseases comparing with metastatic disease is conducted through a search in PubMed, Embase, Clinical Key, and Cochrane Library databases. We present one case. The median age, follow-up, clinico-pathological characteristics, status of lymph nodes, treatments, and outcomes are analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 23 articles (10 case reports and 13 case series) with a total 68 patients, including our case. Median age was 48 years old. Median follow-up was 27 months. Overall survival of the series was 71.4%. Twenty-one of 49 patients reported (36.2%) were alive without disease, fourteen (28.6%) were alive with disease while the rest fourteen (28.6%) died. Inflammatory presentation and ipsilateral axilla status were related to overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous CAM in breast cancer show better outcomes in terms of overall survival than other metastatic diseases. The absence of comparative studies may not allow definitive conclusions, meanwhile, together with other authors we suggest treatment with curative intention. More studies may lead to consider a modification of TNM system.

Correlation between proximal serrated polyp detection and clinically significant serrated polyps: inter-endoscopist variability.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is the most important quality indicator for the prevention of colorectal cancer but serrated polyps are also precursor lesions of the disease. The aim of our study was to compare the detection rate of proximal serrated polyps (PSPs) and that of clinically significant serrated polyps (CSSPs) between endoscopists and analyze the relation of those parameters to the ADR. METHODS: An observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients that underwent colonoscopy at the Policlínico Peruano Japonés within the time frame of July 2015 and August 2016. The ADR and PSP and CSSP detection rates between endoscopists were compared through multivariate logistic regression and the association between those parameters was calculated through the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The study included 15 endoscopists and 1,378 colonoscopies. The PSP detection rate ranged from 1.8-17% between endoscopists and had an almost perfect correlation with the CSSP detection rate (p = 0.922), as well as strongly correlating with the ADR (p = 0.769). CONCLUSIONS: There was great variability in the PSP detection rate between endoscopists. It also had an almost perfect correlation with the CSSP detection rate and strongly correlated with the ADR. Those results suggest a high CSSP miss rate at endoscopy and a low PSP detection rate.

Neuropatía óptica isquémica no arterítica como lesión de órgano diana en la hipertensión arterial / Non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy as a target organ lesion in arterial hypertension

Varón de 39 años, de raza negra que consultó por pérdida de visión súbita e indolora del ojo derecho en el contexto de una crisis hipertensiva. Antecedente de hipertensión arterial esencial, sin control domiciliario por falta de adherencia terapéutica y con afectación de órganos diana: infarto lacunar, retinopatía hipertensiva grado IV e hipertrofia concéntrica del ventrículo izquierdo. La función renal era normal, sin albuminuria. El cuadro clínico se etiquetó de neuropatía óptica isquémica no arterítica tras descartarse enfermedad vascular, traumática, infecciosa o autoinmune. Presentó una discreta mejoría del déficit visual con el control de la presión arterial. Dados los antecedentes y las pruebas complementarias, se concluyó que la neuropatía óptica isquémica fue debida a malignización de su hipertensión arterial. (AU)

A 39-year-old black male who consulted with sudden and painless loss of vision in his right eye in the context of a hypertensive crisis. A history of essential arterial hypertension uncontrolled at home due to lack of therapeutic adherence and with target organ involvement: lacunar infarct, grade IV hypertensive retinopathy and left ventricular concentric hypertrophy. Renal function was normal, without albuminuria. The clinical picture was classified as non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy after ruling out vascular, traumatic, infectious and autoimmune disease. The patient presented discrete improvement of the visual deficit with the control of blood pressure. From his history and complementary tests, it was concluded that the ischaemic optic neuropathy was due to malignization of his arterial hypertension. (AU)

Hipertensión arterial por hiperactividad simpática tras traumatismo craneoencefálico grave / Hypertension due to sympathetic hyperactivity after severe head injury

Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 34 años que sufre un traumatismo craneoencefálico grave con afectación cerebral severa. Evoluciona de manera tórpida precisando varias reintervenciones por sangrado y herniación de masa encefálica. Nos interconsultan desde Neurocirugía por irregular control de cifras de presión arterial a pesar de tratamiento con calcioantagonistas. El paciente asocia diaforesis, taquipnea y taquicardia, junto a fiebre de alto grado de forma persistente sin evidencia microbiológica. Analítica con función renal normal, sin proteinuria y sin datos de hipertrofia de ventrículo izquierdo que sugieran hipertensión arterial previa. Esto nos hace plantearnos como primera posibilidad diagnóstica un síndrome de hiperactividad simpática debido al daño neurológico severo. Se inicia terapia antihipertensiva orientada a esta sospecha, entre los que se incluyen betabloqueantes no cardioselectivos, alfa-2-agonistas, benzodiacepinas y agonistas de los receptores GABA. Así se consigue mejorar la labilidad de las cifras de presión arterial, lo que apoya el diagnóstico

We present the case of a 34-year-old patient with severe head trauma and severe brain involvement. The patient deteriorated progressively and required several reinterventions for bleeding and brain herniation. We were consulted by neurosurgery due to irregular blood pressure control despite treatment with calcium antagonists. The patient had associated diaphoresis, tachypnoea and tachycardia, together with persistent high-grade fever with no microbiological evidence. Laboratory tests showed normal kidney function, with no proteinuria and no signs of left ventricular hypertrophy to suggest previous arterial hypertension. This led us to consider sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome as a first possible diagnosis due to severe neurological damage. In line with this suspicion, antihypertensive therapy was initiated which included non-cardioselective beta-blockers, alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines and GABA receptor agonists. Thus, we were able to improve the labile blood pressure levels, which supports the diagnosis

Emergence and dissemination of three mild outbreaks of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with high-level resistance to azithromycin in Barcelona, 2016-18.

BACKGROUND: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) isolates with high-level azithromycin resistance (HL-AziR) have emerged worldwide in recent decades, threatening the sustainability of current dual-antimicrobial therapy. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize the first 16 NG isolates with HL-AziR in Barcelona between 2016 and 2018. METHODS: WGS was used to identify the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, to establish the MLST ST, NG multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) ST and NG sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR) ST and to identify the clonal relatedness of the isolates with other closely related NG previously described in other countries based on a whole-genome SNP analysis approach. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients included in the study were collected by comprehensive review of their medical records. RESULTS: Twelve out of 16 HL-AziR isolates belonged to the MLST ST7823/NG-MAST ST5309 genotype and 4 to MLST ST9363/NG-MAST ST3935. All presented the A2059G mutation in all four alleles of the 23S rRNA gene. MLST ST7823/NG-MAST ST5309 isolates were only identified in men who have sex with women and MLST ST9363/NG-MAST ST3935 were found in MSM. Phylogenomic analysis revealed the presence of three transmission clusters of three different NG strains independently associated with sexual behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the first appearance of three mild outbreaks of NG with HL-AziR in Spain. These results highlight the continuous capacity of NG to develop antimicrobial resistance and spread among sexual networks. The enhanced resolution of WGS provides valuable information for outbreak investigation, complementing the implementation of public health measures focused on the prevention and dissemination of MDR NG.

Factors Affecting the Success of Step-up Therapy in Patients With Moderate-Severe Asthma: A Real-Life Study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Clinical practice guidelines recommend regular adjustment of treatment to achieve control of asthma. A step-up approach based on the degree of disease control should be followed. Objective: To perform a real-life analysis of the factors that affect the success or failure of this therapeutic strategy and of the criteria applied by clinicians when applying a step-up approach in a representative sample of patients diagnosed with moderate-severe asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study involving 226 Spanish specialist physicians (98 allergologists, 127 pulmonologists, and 1 family physician). We included 1254 patients (787 women) diagnosed with moderate-severe asthma who underwent step-up therapy during 2016. RESULTS: Step-up was successful in 44% of cases. The factors associated with success were presence of <2 comorbid conditions, lower grade of severity and therapy step before modification, absence of exacerbations during the previous year, fewer daytime/nighttime symptoms, and limitation in activities, as well as type of inhaled corticosteroid/ long-acting ß2-agonist combination after modification, lower body mass index, and higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide. An early increase in the maintenance dose once a lack of control was detected (≤3 months, >3 to ≤6 months, >6 to ≤12 months) was more likely to be successful. CONCLUSION: The factors that determine whether or not this therapeutic strategy manages to control asthma are time since onset of clinical impairment, previous grade of severity, number of comorbid conditions, previous exacerbations, and frequency of symptoms.

[Non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy as a target organ lesion in arterial hypertension]. / Neuropatía óptica isquémica no arterítica como lesión de órgano diana en la hipertensión arterial.

A 39-year-old black male who consulted with sudden and painless loss of vision in his right eye in the context of a hypertensive crisis. A history of essential arterial hypertension uncontrolled at home due to lack of therapeutic adherence and with target organ involvement: lacunar infarct, grade IV hypertensive retinopathy and left ventricular concentric hypertrophy. Renal function was normal, without albuminuria. The clinical picture was classified as non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy after ruling out vascular, traumatic, infectious and autoimmune disease. The patient presented discrete improvement of the visual deficit with the control of blood pressure. From his history and complementary tests, it was concluded that the ischaemic optic neuropathy was due to malignization of his arterial hypertension.