Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los profesionales de Atención Primaria y propuestas de mejora / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Primary Care professionals and proposals for betterment

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto un cambio brusco en el abordaje habitual de la promoción de la salud, la prevención, el tratamiento y la rehabilitación de las enfermedades. La Atención Primaria (AP) ha sufrido un importante impacto debido a la situación de pandemia y sus profesionales han tenido un papel fundamental, al mismo tiempo que tanto su vida profesional como personal han sufrido grandes alteraciones.El objetivo del estudio fue conocer y comprender el impacto de la pandemia en las esferas personales y profesionales de quienes trabajan en AP, así como también analizar y exponer propuestas a nivel organizativo y de atención.Se hizo un estudio cualitativo mediante cuatro grupos focales interdisciplinares en el que participaron 26 profesionales de AP (auxiliares administrativos, técnicos de cuidados auxiliares de enfermería [TCAE], enfermeras y médicas). Para hacer el análisis, se utilizó la metodología de análisis inductivo del contenido a través del método de comparaciones constantes de Glaser y Strauss y el programa informático Atlas Ti.Los cuatro grupos focales se transcribieron, y las citas analizadas se agruparon en trece categorías que se englobaron en cinco metacategorías: impacto de la pandemia en los profesionales, cambios en la atención familiar y comunitaria, repercusión de la pandemia en la población, trabajo en equipo y propuestas de mejora.Como conclusiones se obtuvieron: el miedo de los profesionales en la etapa inicial de la pandemia que se transformó en frustración, cansancio y tristeza en fases posteriores, la ruptura con la AP tradicional, así como diversas propuestas de mejora (empoderamiento del paciente, potenciación de los equipos multidisciplinares…). (AU)

The COVID-19 pandemic has entailed a sudden change in the usual approach to health promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of diseases. Primary care has undergone a significant impact due to the pandemic situation and its professionals have played an essential role. At the same time both their professional and personal lives have undergone major changes.The aim of the study was to know and understand the impact of the pandemic on the personal and professional spheres of primary care, as well as analyze and present proposals at the organizational and attention level.A qualitative study was performed by means of four interdisciplinary focus groups in which 26 primary care professionals took part (administrative assistants, nursing assistants, nurses and doctors).To perform the analysis, inductive content analysis methodology was used by means of the method of constant comparisons of Glaser and Strauss and Atlas TI computer software.The four focus groups were transcribed, and the citations analyzed were grouped into thirteen categories. They were included in five meta-categories: impact of the pandemic on professionals, changes in family and community care, impact of the pandemic on the population, teamwork and proposals for betterment.Conclusions drawn were the fear felt by professionals at the initial stage of the pandemic, which turned into frustration, tiredness and sadness in later phases, the break with traditional primary care, as well as various proposals for improvement (patient empowerment, enhancement of multi-disciplinary teams, etc.) (AU)

Impact of the "Looking after my health after cancer" peer-led active patient education program on cancer survivors and their caregivers: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Cancer survival has doubled and is likely to continue increasing in the near future. Cancer survivors experience long-term adverse effects, with associated psychological changes, and often they have needs that are yet to be met. Recognizing the lack of continuity-of-care initiatives for cancer survivors and caregivers, Osakidetza Basque Health Service has started to implement through primary care a peer-led active patient education program called "Looking after my health after cancer". This study explores how cancer survivors and their caregivers rate the experience of participating in the program, to what extent the program helps them understand and address their unmet felt needs, and helps them improve their activation for self-care and self-management. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory phenomenological study was conducted using five focus groups: four with cancer survivors (n = 29) and caregivers (n = 2), and one with peer leaders (n = 7). Narrative content analysis was performed using the constant comparison method, facilitated by Atlas-ti software. Descriptive analysis of sociodemographic and clinical data was performed. The study was developed according to the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. RESULTS: Five main themes emerged from the content analysis: 1) satisfaction with the program as a positive learning experience; 2) peer sharing and learning ("if they can, so can I"); 3) fears prior to attending the program; 4) becoming more aware of unmet felt needs and feeling understood in the "new normal"; and 5) a more positive view of their experience, helping them become active in self-care and empowered in the self-management of their condition. CONCLUSIONS: The peer education program has shown to have a positive impact on cancer survivors and caregivers. It is necessary to design, implement and evaluate interventions of this type to address unmet felt needs during cancer survivorship and improve their quality of life.

Vivencias e impacto en la calidad de vida de personas con COVID persistente / Experiences and impact on the quality of life of people with long COVID

Objetivo: Explorar las vivencias de las personas con COVID persistente en el País Vasco transcurrido más de 1 año desde el inicio de la pandemia, con el fin de comprender su impacto en la salud y en el ámbito social, así como detectar posibles áreas de mejora en la asistencia que reciben estas personas con el fin de desarrollar programas de salud que apoyen su recuperación. Método: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. Como técnica de recogida de datos se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad hasta la saturación del discurso. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de edad con sintomatología de COVID persistente con un tiempo de evolución mayor de 12 semanas. El contacto con los/las pacientes se realizó a través del Colectivo COVID Persistente de Euskadi. Las entrevistas se realizaron y grabaron con la aplicación ZOOM. Se realizó una trascripción literal de las entrevistas y posteriormente un análisis temático, identificando las primeras unidades de significado y asignando códigos que se agruparon después en las diferentes categorías. Resultados: Participaron 20 pacientes. Del análisis de los discursos emergieron tres categorías principales: 1) afectación/impacto en la calidad de vida de los/las pacientes; 2) detección de mejoras en la asistencia sanitaria; y 3) aspectos que reconfortan. Conclusiones: Este estudio evidencia el importante impacto en la calidad de vida que sufren estas personas. Es necesario diseñar políticas sanitarias que favorezcan el abordaje personalizado, integral y multidisciplinario de tales pacientes. (AU)

Objective: To explore the experiences of people with persistent COVID in the Basque Country more than a year after the start of the pandemic, in order to understand the health and social impact it has, as well as to detect possible areas for improvement in the care that these people receive in order to develop health programms to support their recovery. Method: Qualitative phenomenological study. In-depth interviews will be carried out as a data collection technique until saturation of the discourse. Patients of legal age who present persistent COVID symptomatology with an evolution time of more than 12 weeks were included. Contact with the patients was made through the Basque Long COVID Collective. The interviews were carried out and recorded through the ZOOM application. After the literal transcription of the interviews, the thematic analysis will be carried out, identifying the first units of meaning and assigning codes that will later be grouped into the different categories. Results: 20 patients participated. A total of three main categories emerged from the analysis of the discourses: 1) affecting/impacting patients’ quality of life; 2) identifying improvements in healthcare; and 3) comforting aspects. Conclusions: This study shows the significant impact on the quality of life suffered by these people. It is necessary to design health policies that favour a personalised, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to these patients. (AU)

[Experiences and impact on the quality of life of people with long COVID]. / Vivencias e impacto en la calidad de vida de personas con COVID persistente.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of people with persistent COVID in the Basque Country more than a year after the start of the pandemic, in order to understand the health and social impact it has, as well as to detect possible areas for improvement in the care that these people receive in order to develop health programms to support their recovery. METHOD: Qualitative phenomenological study. In-depth interviews will be carried out as a data collection technique until saturation of the discourse. Patients of legal age who present persistent COVID symptomatology with an evolution time of more than 12 weeks were included. Contact with the patients was made through the Basque Long COVID Collective. The interviews were carried out and recorded through the ZOOM application. After the literal transcription of the interviews, the thematic analysis will be carried out, identifying the first units of meaning and assigning codes that will later be grouped into the different categories. RESULTS: 20 patients participated. A total of three main categories emerged from the analysis of the discourses: 1) affecting/impacting patients' quality of life; 2) identifying improvements in healthcare; and 3) comforting aspects. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the significant impact on the quality of life suffered by these people. It is necessary to design health policies that favour a personalised, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to these patients.

Investigación acción participativa; la educación para el autocuidado del adulto maduro, un proceso dialógico y emancipador / Participative action research; self-care education for the mature adult, a dialogic and empowered process

OBJETIVO: Explorar y trasformar los procesos de aprendizaje, orientados hacia la capacitación para el autocuidado, el empoderamiento y la promoción de vida saludable del "adulto-maduro". DISEÑO: Investigación-acción-participativa bajo un enfoque cualitativo y sociocrítico. Emplazamiento: El trabajo de campo se centra en el desarrollo del programa educativo "Cuidarse está en tus manos" en 2 pueblos (Atención Primaria, Comarca Araba). PARTICIPANTES: A través de un muestreo teórico participaron personas que se encuentran en la etapa "adulto-maduro" y 3 enfermeras con experiencia en intervenciones educativas. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó la observación participante, donde se realizaron grabaciones en vídeo de las sesiones educativas y grupos de reflexión sobre la acción. Para triangular los datos, se han realizado entrevistas en profundidad con 4 participantes. Se lleva a cabo un análisis del contenido y del discurso. RESULTADOS: Los marcos previos de participantes y enfermeras, así como los discursos de estas últimas, desvelan una racionalidad técnica (unidireccional, informativa) presente todavía en la práctica que perpetúa el papel de receptor pasivo de cuidados. Las claves educativas construidas desde una mirada del aprendizaje dialógico emergen como elementos que facilitan superar estos marcos previos limitantes. Por último, el aprendizaje reflexivo puesto en marcha, ha representado un elemento esencial para avanzar en el conocimiento profesional y en la mejora de los procesos de EpS. CONCLUSIONES: El aprendizaje dialógico emerge como clave para la capacitación y el empoderamiento, donde es la racionalidad práctica-reflexiva y no la técnica la verdaderamente útil en el enfrentamiento con las situaciones complejas de la educación sobre el autocuidado

OBJECTIVE: Explore and transform dialogic-reflexive learning processes oriented to self-care, capacitation, empowerment and health promotion for "mature-adult" collective. DESIGN: Participative action research on a qualitative and sociocritic approach. Data generation methods are Site: Field work focuses on the development of the educational program "Care is in your hands" that takes place in two villages (Primary Care.comarca Araba). PARTICIPANTS: Through a theoretical sampling involved people who are in a "mature-adult" life stage and three nurses with extensive experience in development health education programs. METHODS: Participant observation where health education sessions are recorded in video and group reflection on action. To triangulate the data, have been made in-depth interviews with 4 PARTICIPANTS: Carried out a content and discourse analysis. RESULTS: Participant and nurses' Previous Frameworks, and these last ones' discourses as well, reveal a current technical rationality (unidirectional, informative,. ) yet in practice that perpetuates the role of passive recipient of care. Educational keys constructed from a viewpoint of Dialogic Learning emerge as elements that facilitate overcoming these previous frames limitations. Finally, Reflective Learning launched, has provided advance in professional knowledge and improve health education. CONCLUSIONS: Dialogical learning emerges as key to the training and empowerment, where we have seen how practical-reflexive, and not technical, rationality is meanly useful confronting ambiguous and complex situations of self-care practice and education

[Participative action research; self-care education for the mature adult, a dialogic and empowered process]. / Investigación acción participativa; la educación para el autocuidado del adulto maduro, un proceso dialógico y emancipador.

OBJECTIVE: Explore and transform dialogic-reflexive learning processes oriented to self-care, capacitation, empowerment and health promotion for "mature-adult" collective. DESIGN: Participative action research on a qualitative and sociocritic approach. Data generation methods are SITE: Field work focuses on the development of the educational program "Care is in your hands" that takes place in two villages (Primary Care. Comarca Araba). PARTICIPANTS: Through a theoretical sampling involved people who are in a "mature-adult" life stage and three nurses with extensive experience in development health education programs. METHODS: Participant observation where health education sessions are recorded in video and group reflection on action. To triangulate the data, have been made in-depth interviews with 4 participants. Carried out a content and discourse analysis. RESULTS: Participant and nurses' Previous Frameworks, and these last ones' discourses as well, reveal a current technical rationality (unidirectional, informative,.) yet in practice that perpetuates the role of passive recipient of care. Educational keys constructed from a viewpoint of Dialogic Learning emerge as elements that facilitate overcoming these previous frames limitations. Finally, Reflective Learning launched, has provided advance in professional knowledge and improve health education. CONCLUSIONS: Dialogical learning emerges as key to the training and empowerment, where we have seen how practical-reflexive, and not technical, rationality is meanly useful confronting ambiguous and complex situations of self-care practice and education.

El cuidado como elemento transversal en la atención a pacientes crónicos complejos / Care as a cross-cutting element in the health care of complex chronic patients

La atención a las personas que presentan enfermedades crónicas constituye hoy en día una prioridad en las agendas de todos los sistemas sanitarios. Dentro de estas estrategias, merece destacar el abordaje específico que requiere un grupo de población que se caracteriza por presentar pluripatología y comorbilidad asociada. Estas personas son especialmente vulnerables, frágiles, requieren cuidados muy complejos y consumen una elevada cantidad de recursos sociosanitarios. Se estima una prevalencia en España del 1,4% en población general y de aproximadamente el 5% en mayores de 64 años. La atención sociosanitaria a esta población requiere un enfoque centrado en la persona, como paradigma de atención a pacientes y no a enfermedades. Los modelos deben dar el salto del enfoque segmentado por enfermedades a la visión holística e integral, teniendo en cuenta la situación social, psicoafectiva, la vivencia que la persona tiene de la enfermedad, su contexto familiar y el abordaje de las respuestas humanas que todo ello genera. Los profesionales sanitarios necesitan herramientas que les orienten y faciliten la toma de decisiones en este grupo de población. Las guías de práctica clínica para el abordaje de pacientes con comorbilidad y pluripatología presentan numerosas limitaciones. Las recomendaciones de expertos en este sentido, nos orientan hacia un abordaje multidisciplinar, con el autocuidado y la gestión de la enfermedad por parte del propio paciente como elemento transversal de la asistencia

The care of people who live with chronic diseases is currently a priority on the roadmaps of all health care services. Within these strategies, there needs to be a specific approach required for a population group that is defined by having multiple diseases and the associated comorbidity. This group is especially vulnerable, fragile, and require very complex care, which uses up a high quantity ofsocial health resources. The estimated prevalence in Spain is 1.4% in the general population, and approximately 5% in people over 64 years. The social and healthcare of this population requires a person-centered approach, as a paradigm of caring for the patients and not of the diseases. The models must leap from the segmented approach to diseases to a holistic and integrated vision, taking into account the social and psycho-affective situation, the experience of the patient, the family context, and the approach of human experience/response that these processes produce. The health professionals need support tools that can guide them and help in making clinical decisions in this population group. The clinical practice guidelines for the approach of patients with co-morbidity and multiple diseases have numerous limitations. Expert recommendations in this sense, lead us to a multidisciplinary approach, with self-care and self-health management as a cross-cutting element of healthcare

[Care as a cross-cutting element in the health care of complex chronic patients]. / El cuidado como elemento transversal en la atención a pacientes crónicos complejos.

The care of people who live with chronic diseases is currently a priority on the roadmaps of all health care services. Within these strategies, there needs to be a specific approach required for a population group that is defined by having multiple diseases and the associated comorbidity. This group is especially vulnerable, fragile, and require very complex care, which uses up a high quantity of social health resources. The estimated prevalence in Spain is 1.4% in the general population, and approximately 5% in people over 64 years. The social and healthcare of this population requires a person-centered approach, as a paradigm of caring for the patients and not of the diseases. The models must leap from the segmented approach to diseases to a holistic and integrated vision, taking into account the social and psycho-affective situation, the experience of the patient, the family context, and the approach of human experience/response that these processes produce. The health professionals need support tools that can guide them and help in making clinical decisions in this population group. The clinical practice guidelines for the approach of patients with co-morbidity and multiple diseases have numerous limitations. Expert recommendations in this sense, lead us to a multidisciplinary approach, with self-care and self-health management as a cross-cutting element of healthcare.