Prevalence and factors associated with burnout syndrome in Peruvian health professionals before the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Introduction: Burnout syndrome (BS) is a prevalent occupational health problem in health professionals. To describe the prevalence and factors associated with BS in Peruvian health professionals. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. The key terms "burnout" and "professional exhaustion" were used with words related to Peru. The databases consulted were LILACS/Virtual Health Library, Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, SciELO, and RENATI-SUNEDU; articles published between January 2000 to December 2020 were considered for inclusion. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Thirty studies were identified (8 scientific articles and 22 graduate theses). The median sample size was 78, with an interquartile range of 50-110. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate a dichotomic prevalence of burnout syndrome in health professionals of 25 % (95%CI: 9 %-45 %; I2 = 97.14 %; 5 studies). Also, our meta-analysis estimated the overall prevalence of mild burnout (27 %; 95%CI: 16%-41 %; I2 = 96.50 %), moderate burnout (48 %; 95%CI: 32%-65 %; I2 = 97.54 %), and severe burnout (17 %; 95%CI: 10%-24 %; I2 = 92.13 %; 18 studies). We present meta-analyses by region, profession, hospital area, and by dimension of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Overall, the studies presented adequate levels of quality in 96.7 % of the included studies (n = 29). In addition, our narrative review of factors associated with BS and its three dimensions identified that different studies find associations with labor, socio-demographic, individual, and out-of-work factors. Conclusions: There is a higher prevalence of moderate BS in Peruvian health professionals at MINSA and EsSalud hospitals in Peru, with severity differing by region of Peru, type of profession, work area, and dimensions of BS.

Psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in healthcare professionals, Ancash Region, Peru.

Background: Burnout syndrome (BS) among healthcare professionals in Peru demands immediate attention. Consequently, there is a need for a validated and standardized instrument to measure and address it effectively. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) among healthcare professionals in the Ancash region of Peru. Methods: Using an instrumental design, this study included 303 subjects of both sexes (77.56% women), ranging in age from 22 to 68 years (M = 44.46, SD = 12.25), selected via purposive non-probability sampling. Appropriate content validity, internal structure validity, and item internal consistency were achieved through confirmatory factor analysis, and discriminant validity for the three dimensions was obtained. Evidence of convergent validity was found for the Emotional Exhaustion (EE) and Personal Accomplishment (PA) dimensions, with reliability values (ω > .75). Results: The EE and PA dimensions exhibited acceptable levels of reliability (ω and α > .80). However, the Depersonalization (DP) dimension demonstrated significantly lower reliability (α < .60 and ω < .50). Conclusions: A correlated three-factor model was confirmed, with most items presenting satisfactory factor loadings and inter-item correlations. Nonetheless, convergent validity was not confirmed for the DP dimension.

Síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la salud antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Burnout Syndrome Among Health Professionals Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To describe the differences in burnout syndrome (BS) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among health professionals, according to prevalence, levels, sociodemographic, occupational, risk, and protective factors. Methods: A comparative descriptive study was conducted, with two samples of similar characteristics from public hospitals in Peru. The sample was 177 for 2019 and 167 for 2021. The instrument used was the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: It was found that there is a higher prevalence of BS and lower personal fulfillment (PF) during the pandemic. For BS, female sex is a risk factor during the pandemic. For emotional exhaustion (EE), the female gender is a risk factor before and during the pandemic. For depersonalization (DP), being 39 years of age or older is a protective factor before the pandemic. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the scores of BS, EE, and PF; no significant differences for DP were found in both periods(AU)

Objetivo: Describir las diferencias en el síndrome de burnout (BS) antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en los profesionales de la salud, según la prevalencia, niveles, factores sociodemográficos, ocupacionales, de riesgo y protectores. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo comparativo, con dos muestras de características similares de hospitales públicos en Perú. La muestra fue de 177 para 2019 y 167 para 2021. El instrumento utilizado fue el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach. Resultados: Se encontró que existe una mayor prevalencia de BS y menor realización personal (RP) durante la pandemia. Para BS, el sexo femenino es un factor de riesgo durante la pandemia. Para el agotamiento emocional (AE), el género femenino es un factor de riesgo antes y durante la pandemia. Para la despersonalización (DE), la edad de 39 años y más es un factor protector antes de la pandemia. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de BS, AE y RP; para DE no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ambos períodos(AU)

Vivencias en el proceso de institucionalización e Inteligencia Emocional en niños y adolescentes: diferencias según variables sociodemográficas / Experiences in the Institutionalization Process and Emotional Intelligence in Children and Adolescents: Differences According to Sociodemographic Variables

Resumen La institucionalización es el acogimiento residencial de menores en desamparo en diversas formas y constituye un problema nacional e internacional, porque limita el desarrollo psicosocial y vulnera derechos humanos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron los siguientes: 1) Describir y conocer las diferencias de los indicadores de las vivencias en el proceso de institucionalización de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) de 7 a 18 años, según Centros de Atención Residencial (CAR) de procedencia. 2) Describir y conocer las diferencias de los puntajes totales de la inteligencia emocional (IE) y sus dimensiones de los NNA de 7 a 18 años, según sexo, edad y tiempo de permanencia en los CAR. El estudio fue descriptivo-comparativo y transversal; se utilizaron las técnicas de entrevista y grupo focal. Los instrumentos fueron un cuestionario, la guía de grupo focal y el inventario de inteligencia emocional Bar-On ICE: NA estandarizado en Perú. Se emplearon técnicas estadísticas paramétricas y no paramétricas, así como un análisis de contenido para el análisis de los resultados. Se encontró que hay diferencias y similitudes en los indicadores de las vivencias de los NNA referidos a las emociones, necesidades físicas y psicológicas, aprendizajes, y perspectiva temporal futura, según cada CAR. La mayoría de los NNA presentaron IE de nivel bajo. Se concluye que los indicadores de las vivencias referidos a los motivos de ingreso de los NNA a los CAR y los vínculos afectivos difieren significativamente, según cada CAR. Los puntajes totales de la IE no difieren significativamente según grupos de edad, sexo y tiempo de permanencia en el CAR; pero, existen diferencias significativas en la dimensión interpersonal de la IE, según sexo.

Abstract: Institutionalization is the residential care of children at risk in various ways and constitutes a national and international problem, because it limits psychosocial development and violates human rights. The objectives of the research were: 1) Describe and ascertain the differences in the experience indicators in the institutionalization process of children and adolescents (CAA) from 7 to 18 years of age, according to Residential Care Centers (RCC) of origin. 2) Describe and ascertain the differences in the total emotional intelligence (EI) scores and their dimensions in children from 7 to 18 years, according to sex, age and time spent in the RCC. The study was descriptive-comparative and transversal. Interview and focus group techniques were used. The instruments were a questionnaire, the focus group guide and the inventory of emotional intelligence Bar-On ICE: NA, standardized in Peru. Parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques were used, as well as a content analysis to analyze the results. We found that there are differences and similarities in the indicators of the children's experiences, referred to emotions, physical and psychological needs, learning, and future-temporal perspective, according to each RCC. Most children presented low level EI. It is concluded that indicators of the experiences referred to the reasons for the children's entry to the RCC and their affective links, differ significantly, according to each RCC. The total EI scores do not differ significantly according to age groups, sex and time spent in the RCC; but there are significant differences in the interpersonal dimension of EI, according to sex.