Novel method for aroma recovery from the bioconversion of lutein to beta-ionone by Trichosporon asahii using a mesoporous silicate material.

In this work, we report on the synthesis and ability of the mesoporous material MCM-41 to adsorb the norisoprenoid beta-ionone. This compound, with a violet aroma note, can be produced from lutein by the yeast Trichosporon asahii through a bioconversion process. We found that beta-ionone inhibited the yeast growth and constrained aroma formation. Growth inhibition was overcome using silicate MCM-41 as sorbent device in a fermentation system that allowed product removal from the culture medium by headspace manipulation. Compared to a commercial silica gel, the mesoporous material exhibited a 4.5-fold higher beta-ionone adsorption. Contrasting to cultures without the sorbent device, the presence of MCM-41 allowed a marked increase (14-fold) in beta-ionone production. Our results suggested that confinement of the norisoprenoid into the sorbent material bypassed its toxicity which allowed a better beta-ionone production. This study represents the first report on the use of MCM-41 to recover an aroma produced by fermentation and therefore, a novel application for a mesoporous material.

Osteopoiquilia. Estudio de 12 pacientes / Osteopoikilia. Study of 12 patients

La osteopoiquilia y osteopatía condensante diseminada es una rara entidad, de carácter hereditaria-familiar, que afecta especialmente al sexo masculino y de curso asintomático, caracterizada por el hallazgo radiológico de pequeños focos ovoides o lenticulares entre 2 mm y 2 cm, paralelos al eje longitudinal del hueso. Se ha descrito asociada a la dermatofibrosis conocida como síndrome de Buschke-Ollendorff. Se describe una serie de 12 pacientes, con diagnóstico de osteopoiquilia de acuerdo a los criterios diagnósticos establecidos, observando en todos ellos adecuado modelado óseo, razón por la que se propone clasificar esta entidad en un grupo diferente al de las llamadas enfermedades displásicas de hueso. Se describe la primera asociación en la literatura mundial entre osteopoiquilia, dermatofibrosis lenticular y condrocalcinosis (AU)

Production of tobacco aroma from lutein. Specific role of the microorganisms involved in the process.

A mixed culture formed by Bacillus sp. and Geotrichum sp. produced tobacco aroma compounds from the carotenoid lutein through the formation of the intermediate beta-ionone. Both microorganisms can grow independently in a medium supplemented with lutein, but only Geotrichum produces beta-ionone. This intermediate was incorporated by the bacilli, converted to aroma and this product excreted to the culture medium. Bacillus sp. did not utilize beta-ionone for growth but modified it. We conclude that, in the bioconversion of lutein to products with tobacco aroma, Geotrichum sp. is involved in carotenoid oxidation to produce beta-ionone and Bacillus sp. is responsible for the norisoprenoid reduction to produce 7,8-dihydro-beta-ionone and 7,8-dihydro-beta-ionol.

Bioconversion of lutein to products with aroma.

A residual mud sample from the marigold flower dehydration process was screened and 19 putative colonies were isolated for their ability to degrade lutein in a chemically defined medium supplemented with marigold flower flour as a carbon source. Among the colonies isolated, two generated volatile compounds in fermentation and one was chosen for further study for its ability to produce a strong tobacco smell. This colony contained two microorganisms, identified as Geotrichum sp. and Bacillus sp. The aroma production requires the presence of both microorganisms and lutein. Using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/ MS), four compounds were identified: 7,8-dihydrobeta-ionol, beta-ionone, 7,8-dihydro-beta-ionone, and 3-hydroxy-beta-ionone, in proportions of 84.2%, 9.4%, 3.5%, and 2.9%, respectively.

Osteomalacia y raquitismo. análisis y estudio en diferentes períodos históricos en colombia / Osteomalacia and riketts. Analysis and study of different historic periods in Colombia

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