RESUMO
The genus Malachra L. belongs to the family Malvaceae. It includes herbs or subshrubs of nine accepted species with approximately thirty synonyms, and it has been widely used in community folk medicine to treat health problems including inflammation, nasal obstruction, leishmaniasis, malaria, childbirth, kidney disorders, fever, respiratory tract diseases, among others. From the genus Malachra L., flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, saponins, carbohydrates, phenols, glycosides, and alkaloids have been isolated and identified. Some pharmacological reports have indicated that the genus has antidiarrheal, antiepileptic, antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, anthelmintic, and hepatoprotective properties. However, there have been limited studies of bioactive molecules with pharmacological and biological activities associated with Malachra alceifolia Jacq., Malachra capitata (L.) L., Malachra fasciata Jacq., Malachra radiata (L.) L., Malachra ruderalis Gürke., Malachra rudis Benth., Malachra helodes Mart., Malachra urens Poit. ex Ledeb. & Alderstam., and Malachra officinalis Klotzsch. In this review, we consider the conservation of these species to save the ancestral knowledge of their traditional use in populations, and their pharmacological potential for future studies in search of alternatives for solutions to diseases in humans and animals and tools for the design and search of potential bioactive compounds against infectious and non-infectious agents.
RESUMO
SUMMARY Cordia dendata Poir, Heliotropium indicum Linn and Momordica charantia Linn are used for treatment of the most common human diseases and health disorders in folk medicine of the population from the northern Colombian coast. In this study, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract and fractions from C. dentata, H. indicum and M. charantia were investigated. The chemical constituents of qualitative detection were examined by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The antibacterial activity was determined by agar gel diffusion and broth microdilution method. The main identified compounds were flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins and coumarins. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 31.25 to 1000 µg /mL for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. These results indicated that ethanol extract and fractions from C. dentata, H. indicum and M. charantia significantly inhibited the growth of standard strains. Potent antibacterial activities of C. dentata, H. indicum and M. charantia may be considered in future study, particularly against antibiotic-resistant cases.
RESUMEN Cordia dendata Poir, Heliotropium indicum Linn y Momordica charantia Linn son usadas para el tratamiento de las enfermedades más comunes y trastornos de salud en la medicina popular de la población de la costa norte de Colombia. En este estudio se investigó la composición química y la actividad antibacterial de los extractos etanólicos y fracciones de C. dentata, H. indicum y M. charantia. Los constituyentes químicos se examinaron por detección cualitativa cromatografía de capa fina (TLC, por sus siglas en inglés). La actividad antibacterial se determinó por difusión en agar y microdilución en caldo. Los mayores compuestos identificados fueron flavonoides, glucósidos cardiotónicos, alcaloides, saponinas, terpenoides, taninos y cumarinas. La concentración inhibitoria mínima (MIC, por sus siglas en inglés) fue de 31,25 a 1000 /µg/mL para bacterias Gram-positivas y Gram-negativas, respectivamente. Estos resultados indican que el extracto etanólico y las fracciones de C. dentata, H. indicum y M. charantia inhibieron de manera significa el crecimiento de las cepas estándar. La potente actividad antibacterial de C. dentata, H. indicum y M. charantia puede considerarse en posteriores estudios, en particular frente a casos de antibióticos resistentes.
RESUMO
La metodología analítica para la cuantificación de warfarina sódica en tabletas de 5 mg fue estandarizada y validada mediante cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia acoplada a detector de arreglo de diodo (HPLC-DAD). Se usó como fase móvil una mezcla compuesta por MeOH-AcOH-H2O (68:1:32), una columna cromatográfica C8e Phenomenex® de 150 x 4,6 mm y tamaño de partícula de 5 μm. Los resultados analíticos muestran que el método es preciso, exacto y selectivo para este fármaco. La curva de calibración se realizó en un intervalo del 80 al 120%, en una concentración nominal de 0,1mg/mL, demostrando ser lineal con un coeficiente de correlación a r²> 0,990; el porcentaje de recuperación fue de 98,1% ± 1,3, la precisión medida a través de la repetibilidad y la precisión intermedia fue adecuada (%RSD<2). En la prueba de disolución se encontró un porcentaje de 92,3% ± 3.0. Por lo tanto, la metodología desarrollada cumple con las especificaciones establecida por la USP 38/ NF33.
The analytic methodology for the quantification of sodium warfarin tablets of 5 mg was standardized and validated by High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography coupled to Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD). A mixture of MeOH-AcOH-H2O (68:1:32) was used like mobil phase, a chromatographic column C8e Phenomenex® of 150x4.6 mm and a particle size of 5 μm. The analytic results show that the method is precise, accurate and selective for this drug. The calibration curve was performed in the range of 80 to 120% at a nominal concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, demonstrating to be linear with a correlation coefficient at r²> 0.990; recovery rate was 98.1% ± 1.3 and the precision measured through repeatability and intermediate accuracy was adequate (% RSD <2). A percent of 92.3% ± 3.0 was found in dissolution test, thus, the methodology developed complies with the specifications established by USP 38/NF33.
