Do patients with low back pain and central sensitization have differences in physical fitness?

INTRODUCTION: Low back pain is one of the main musculoskeletal complaints, and may be associated with central sensitization (CS). The physical capacity of patients with low back pain and CS is not very clear. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, with 92 patients divided into two groups according to their risk of CS. The patient's physical capacity ability was assessed using 6-min walking test (6MWT); timed up and go test (TUG); sit-to-stand test (STS); and trunk flexor, extensor and side-bridge endurance tests. In addition, participants completed questionnaires regarding disability, kinesiophobia, catastrophization and quality of life. RESULTS: The group with a higher risk of CS had worst performance in the 6MWT (U = 1248; p < 0.001), STS (t(83) = 3.63; p < 0.001) and TUG (t(83) = -4.46; p < 0.001). Similarly, endurance in the right (U = 1453,5; p = 0,002) and left (U = 1467; p = 0,003) side-bridge tests, and the trunk extensor test (U = 1546; p = 0,003) was worse. Disability (U = 1272; p < 0.001), physical capacity kinesiophobia (t(83) = -2.21; p = 0.03) work kinesiophobia (U = 1452; p < 0.001), and pain catastrophization (t(77.57) = -5.03; p < 0.001), were also higher in the group with a higher risk of CS. Quality of life indicators were worse in the higher risk group for all domains of the EQ-5D-3L: Mobility (X2(1) = 12.92; p < 0.001), self-care (X2(1) = 16,3; p = 0,012), usual activities (X2(2) = 14.14; p = 0.001), pain (X2(2) = 27.79; p < 0.001), anxiety and depression (X2(2) = 15.05; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with low back pain and higher risks of CS appear to show lower performance in physical capacity tests, higher rates of disability, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophization, and lower quality of life compared to those with lower risks of CS.

SIR model with exposure rate for the study of the projection of COVID-19 cases in Sergipe / Modelo SIR com taxa de exposição para estudo da projeção de casos de COVID-19 no estado de Sergipe

In this work, we used two models to study the behavior of the epidemic curve of COVID-19 in Sergipe between March 14, 2020 and May 2, 2020: conventional SIR model and a variant thereof, which incorporates the number of individuals more exposed to contagion than the rest of the population. We built this variant of the SIR model based on another model proposed to describe the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19 in South Korea and Portugal. In the SIR model with exposure proposed here, we introduced an exposure factor, called ß1 / ß2, which allows us to describe the influence of factors, such as social withdrawal, on the spread of the disease. In our work, to compare the data obtained through simulation and the number of cases officially registered in Sergipe; we consider that there are between three and nine real cases for each officially registered case, that there are individuals more likely to be infected than others, here exposed individuals, and that the number of reproduction varies over time, growing exponentially in the beginning of the outbreak. epidemic. The simulation results show that the contagion rate is in the range of 2.9 or higher, a region in which there is greater agreement between the model and the data collected.

Utilizamos neste trabalho dois modelos para o estudo do comportamento da curva epidêmica da COVID-19 no estado de Sergipe entre os dias 14 de março de 2020 e 02 de maio de 2020: modelo SIR convencional e uma variante deste, que incorpora o número de indivíduos mais expostos ao contágio do que o restante da população. Construímos essa variante do modelo SIR com base em outro modelo proposto para descrever o surto epidêmico da COVID-19 na Coreia do Sul e em Portugal. No modelo SIR com exposição aqui proposto, introduzimos um fator de exposição, denominado ß1/ß2, que permite descrever a influência de fatores, como afastamento social, no espalhamento da doença. Em nosso trabalho, para fazer a comparação entre os dados obtidos via simulação e o número de casos oficialmente registrados no estado de Sergipe; consideramos que há entre três e nove casos reais para cada caso registrado oficialmente, que há indivíduos  com maior probabilidade de contágio do que outros, aqui denominados indivíduos expostos, e que o número de reprodução varia com o tempo, crescendo exponencialmente na fase início do surto epidêmico. Os resultados da simulação mostram que a taxa de contágio se encontra na faixa de 2,9 ou superior, região em que há maior concordância entre o modelo e dados coletados.