Attitudes towards urban green during the COVID-19 pandemic via Twitter.

COVID-19 has had economic, social and environmental impacts worldwide. Governments have adopted containment measures to limit the spread of the virus. Urban green spaces (UGSs) were included among the non-essential activities and were consequently closed during the lockdown periods in some countries. This study analysed tweets posted by users to understand the citizens' perception and sentiment in relation to the closure of UGS in Italy. Results revealed that people felt a strong deprivation feeling in relation to the restrictions imposed on UGS access, which limited the number of spaces for supporting mental and physical wellbeing of citizens. Users from urban areas were more affected by the lockdowns and more willing to share thoughts on social media, demonstrating a strong emotionality. Furthermore, findings show that users seemed concerned about their children's health, expressing awareness about the benefits of being in contact with nature. UGS is able to provide services to citizens, and close-to-home parks are fundamental for the community, in particular during a health emergency. The implementation of urban design, which includes green areas to support health and environment challenges, should be addressed by policy-makers to create opportunities for a green and resilient recovery of cities, and prepare for future emergencies.

[The alkaline phosphatase activity in the lyophylized commercial control sera after reconstitution]. / Attività della fosfatasi alcalina nei sieri liofilizzati dopo ricostituzione.

Soon after the reconstitution of the lyophylized commercial control sera the alkaline phosphatase activity is smaller than stated value and theoretical value is reached after a time varying according to the various sera; at any rate this value is hever higher than seven hours since reconstitution. The lyophylized sera reconstitution with a solution of diethanolamine 1 mol/l or MgCl2 0,5 mmol/l alone or associate consents to restore much more swiftly the enzymatic activity to a higher value than 90% of the stated value since reconstitution. No alkaline phosphatase variation is observed in the congealed human sera at --20 degrees C after the decongealment. We recommend to reconstitute the lyophylized sera for the alkaline phosphatase determination by the use of a solution of diethanolamine 1 mol/l and MgCl2 0,5 mmol/l instead of distilled water.