Insights for integrative medicinal potentials of Ethiopian Kale (Brassica carinata): Investigation of antibacterial, antioxidant potential and phytocompounds composition of its leaves / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To compare the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Ethiopian Kale leaves infusions, investigate the antioxidant activity and profile the major phytochemicals existing in the better solvent system. Methods: Ethiopian Kale leaves were collected from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and extracted using different solvents. The qualitative phytochemical analysis, antibacterial assays, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis are executed for all extracts. Antioxidant assay and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis are carried out for the solvent system, which showed better activity in preliminary studies. Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis exposed the presence of different classes of phytoconstituents in most of the tested extracts. The broad spectrum of antibacterial activity (7–15 mm) was noted against the tested bacterial species. The functional groups of the extracts are reported by FTIR analysis. The antioxidant ability of ethanol extract was found to be (62.92 ± 0.34)% for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) assay and (71.12 ± 0.41)% for 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. More than 17 major phytocompounds in ethanol extract were profiled by GC–MS analysis. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Ethiopian Kale leaves contain a good source of phytochemicals and it can be a significant source for various functional applications.

Screening chemical inhibitors for alpha-amylase from leaves extracts of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) and Aegle marmelos L.

OBJECTIVES: Aqueous leaves extracts of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) and Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) were prepared and effect of the extracts on inhibiting alpha-amylase playing essential roles on converting starch into glucose have been examined using in vitro assays. METHODS: Alpha amylase inhibitory assay was used to asses the in vitro antidiabetic activity of the extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the volatile molecules of the extracts. Identified molecule were converted as ligand and docked against human pancreatic α-amylase (0.95 Å; PDB ID: 5U3A) using Autodock tool. RESULTS: The data analyzes suggested that the alpha-amylase inhibition potential of the extract obtained from M. koenigii was stronger than that of the A. marmelos at low concentrations (<1 mg/mL), whereas both the extracts depicted similar inhibition effects on the enzyme at high concentration (>1 mg/mL). The phytochemicals present in both the plant extracts were identified by using their respective GC-MS data and the data analyzes revealed that the extracts of M. koenigii and A. Marmelos seemed to consist of about 20 and 24 diverse chemical molecules, respectively. Through the molecular docking studies, azulene of M. koenigii and hydroxycyclodecadiene of A. marmelos showed higher binding affinity on alpha-amylase. CONCLUSIONS: Concentration-dependent alpha-amylase inhibition effects of the extracts were observed and M. koenigii contains more alpha-amylase inhibitory effects due to the presence of azulene. This is primary lead to find out the better anti diabetic natural based drug to the society after clinical trial.

In Vivo Anti Cancer Potential of Pyrogallol in Murine Model of Colon Cancer.

Background: Colon cancer is aggressive and it causes 0.5 million deaths per year. Practicing natural medicines for cancer treatment is safer than conventional drugs. World health organization emphasizes on the importance of practicing natural medicines and developing natural product based drugs for cancer treatment. Recently we reported an anti colon cancer activity associated with pyrogallol isolated from medicinal plant Acacia nilotica in HT-29 cells in vitro. To extend our observation in this study we evaluated in vivo colon tumor remission property of acetone extract of A. nilotica (ACE) and pyrogallol. Materials and Methods: In vivo toxicity of ACE and pyrogallol was assessed and In vivo tumor remission activity of ACE and pyrogallol was determined in murine model. Results: Mice were tolerated different doses of ACE and pyrogallol. Tumor size was considerably reduced in pyrogallol treated mice similar to doxorubicin. Tumor bearing mice treated with ACE and pyrogallol showed mild decline in body weight. Conclusion: Pyrogallol was found to be an effective anti colon cancer agent with less toxicity.